Tips for Finding Your Memoir’s Theme

Tips for Finding Your Memoir’s Theme Writing memoir: Tips for Finding Your Memoir’s Theme - By Julia Scheeres Julia ScheeresA few months ago, we had an interesting piece on our blog from our Reedsy editor and advisor Rebecca Heyman  on why authors should think twice before writing a "memoir". We believe that in a subjective industry like this one, it's important to showcase a variety of opinions. So when we interviewed narrative non-fiction author Julia Scheeres a few weeks ago, we asked her if she would contribute a blog post on writing memoir.  Julia is the bestselling author of Jesus Land  and one of our best memoir editors on Reedsy.  She luckily  accepted our  offer, and  leaves  us with some great nuggets of wisdom on finding your memoir's theme. Memoir authors, this is for you.My students often look stricken when I ask them this question:â€Å"What’s your memoir about?†I don’t blame them – I also struggled with this question, even after my memoir was published. During dozens of radio interviews about Jesus Land, the host - who frequently di dn’t have time to read my book – would bluntly ask: â€Å"So, what’s your book about?† and expect a zippy answer. I so dreaded that question. How was I supposed to reduce a 350-page book down to a single sentence or word?â€Å"What’s your memoir about?† is also a confusing question because it can be answered two ways. The asker may merely want to know the general plot, or story arc, of your book, which you probably had figured out a long time ago. But she’s also usually curious about something deeper - the emotional story you’re trying to convey. Not just the what, but the why.It was only in honing my sound bytes for radio interviews that I understood what my theme was. â€Å"Jesus Land is about the unbreakable bond between a brother and sister.† That’s the emotional story. The longer version hints at the plot: â€Å"Jesus Land is about the unbreakable bond between a brother and a sister raised in a hostile envi ronment.†Like me, you may not be able to put your theme into words until after several drafts of your book. But if you’re able to sort it out beforehand, you’ll waste a lot less time with superfluous events and characters. Most memoirs are essentially survival stories. The author survives an ordeal - a harsh childhood, cancer, alcoholism, divorce, a loved one’s death, kidnapping, a plane crash - and lives to tell the tale. The theme therefore conveys something the author learned by enduring the experience: inner peace, resilience, empathy.Examples of famous memoirs' themes:Some memoirs are easier to categorize than others.Mary Karr’s third memoir, Lit, for example, is about battling alcoholism with prayer;Wasted is about Marya Hornbacher’s struggle to overcome a nearly-fatal eating disorder;Tracy Ross sums up the theme in The Source of All Things, which details her painful relationship with her stepfather, in a single word: forgiveness.Having an identifiable theme gives your memoir universal appeal. Readers who’ve likewise struggled to overcome a hardship will relate to your book and want to read it, feeling they share a commonality with you and may learn something about c oping from your experience. And readers who’ve had the Hallmark card version of life will also read it to broaden their worldview and experience some vicarious drama.Writing memoirs: tips for finding your memoir’s theme:Tell someone your story. Note which parts arouse their curiosity and the questions they ask. The more you talk about your memoir, the clearer your theme will become in your mind.Think about how you were changed by your experiences. You start your memoir at point A and end up at point Z. What did you learn between those two points?Ask yourself, â€Å"why am I writing this book?† or â€Å"what do I want to say?† Lodge these queries in the back of your mind. The answers may come when you least expect them, such as at 5 a.m. or when you’re doing laps in the pool - moments when you’re relaxed and undistracted.Consult someone who knows your story well. Ask them what they think are the most moving/ dramatic parts of your experience and why. As memoirists, sometimes we can be so close to our material that we become myopic - we can’t see the bigger picture or recurring threads that weave through our work. You may hear them say something like, â€Å"how did you survive xyz?† or â€Å"you were really abandoned as a child† - comments that could help you articulate your theme.Write down the major events of your life and see if there is some connection between them. In doing so, you may well find the beats of your story. You may find it takes several drafts before your true theme emerges. (Hint: it’s hidden in the events that you find yourself obsessing over the most, or that place where your deepest shame resides). When you figure it out, you’ll be able to slice off the flab – all the digressions and superfluous material that bogs your narrative down.For me, it took several rewrites to figure out what Jesus Land was really about. I narrowed down my material to my dramatic teenage years. But I didn’t know which aspects of those years to focus on - moving to the countryside, my strict Christian household, the seething racism of rural Indiana, trying to fit in at a new school or being sent to a reformatory with my brother David. As I wrote, I kept coming back to David - my adopted black brother. My parents adopted David when he was 3 and I was a few months older. I gradually realized my relationship with David should be my â€Å"through line,† or the one constant ag ainst which all the other elements (racism, religion, abuse) unfolded.Once this became clear, I was able to go through my pages and cut out the extraneous details that watered down the book’s central focus (such a long sections involving my high school boyfriend or various cliques). The result, I believe, is a more powerful and poignant book.Narrative nonfiction must have a focused, deliberate arc and structure. As a memoirist, it’s your job to impose order and meaning on the chaos of life. That’s the art of writing memoir.

How To Pronounce Swath and Swathe

How To Pronounce Swath and Swathe How To Pronounce Swath and Swathe How To Pronounce Swath and Swathe By Maeve Maddox When I wrote a post on the confusion between the meanings of the nouns swath and swatch, I discovered that considerable disagreement exists regarding the pronunciation of the noun swath and the verb swathe. NOTE: The noun swath denotes the narrow path of cut grass made by a scythe or mower. The verb swathe means â€Å"to wrap up, swaddle or bandage.† If all you want from this article is to know how to pronounce swath and swathe, please skip the middle and read the part that begins, â€Å"My advice to speakers.† If like me you enjoy exploring changes in pronunciation, read the middle as well. Daniel Jones Pronouncing Dictionary This British reference, published 1967, gives one pronunciation for the spelling swath: /swÉ”Ë ÃŽ ¸/ [swawth] and one for swathe: /sweÉ ªÃƒ °/ [swayth]. Note: The spellings between square brackets are for readers unfamiliar with the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) symbols. Plain a represents the broad a of father. Plain th represents the unvoiced sound of th heard in thin. Th represents the voiced sound of th heard in then. Ay represents the long a heard in late. Oxford English Dictionary For the verb swathe, the OED shows /sweÉ ªÃƒ °/ [swayth] as both British and US pronunciation. For the noun swath, the OED shows /swÉ’Î ¸/ [swath] for both British and US pronunciation. It gives /swÉ’Ã °/ [swath] as a variant US pronunciation. The spelling swathe is noted as a variant spelling of the noun swath. Merriam-Webster Unabridged The main entry for the noun shows the spelling swath, followed by an audio pronunciation that models broad a with voiced th: /swÉ’Î ¸/ [swath]. The spelling swathe is given as a variant spelling, but the pronunciation modeled for it on the audio is /swÉ’Ã °/ [swath]. Dictionary.com The noun swath is shown with the pronunciation /swÉ’Î ¸/ [swath]. Two pronunciations are given for the verb swathe: â€Å"/swÉ’Ã °/ [swath] or /sweÉ ªÃƒ °/ [swayth].† Howjsay.com This site usually gives the British pronunciation of a word first, followed by US pronunciation is applicable. However, the principal pronunciation given for swath is not OED’s /swÉ’Î ¸/ [swath] but voiced /sweÉ ªÃƒ °/ [swayth]. Four â€Å"American† pronunciations are given: [swath], [swath], [sworth], and [sworth]. No doubt about it, English speakers have problems with swath and swathe. Charles Elster (The Big Book of Beastly Pronunciation) devotes nearly an entire page to the pronunciation of the verb swathe. He begins by showing [swayth] as the â€Å"traditional† pronunciation, acknowledging that the word is â€Å"now often† heard pronounced as [swath]. He prefaces his discussion by lamenting: I find it nothing short of remarkable that- viewed from the perspective of the dictionaries- a pronunciation that has prevailed in cultivated speech for more than 150 years can be replaced, seemingly overnight, by a newly minted variant that no authority has recognized, rejected, or even remarked upon. He blames Merriam-Webster for the aberration, pointing out that in 1961, â€Å"in an astonishing bit of lexicographic legerdemain,† Webster’s Third Edition â€Å"gave priority to the heretofore unknown and unbaptized SWATH and labeled the traditional SWAYTH â€Å"infrequent.† He ends his rant with a reluctant acceptance of broad a for the verb as well as for the noun, but pleads that speakers keep the voiced th: However you choose to pronounce the a, do not, under any circumstances, pronounce the th with a dental hiss as in breath and death. It must be voiced, as in seethe, breathe, and rather. My advice to speakers who are not yet set in their ways regarding swath and swathe is this: If you mean the noun, spell it swath and pronounce it /swÉ’Î ¸/ [swath]. Example: â€Å"The mower cut a swath six feet wide.† If you intend the verb, spell it swathe and pronounce it to rhyme with bathe. Example: â€Å"Do not swathe the baby too tightly.† Note: The spelling swathe [pronounced /sweÉ ªÃƒ °/ [swayth] can be used as noun to mean â€Å"a band of linen or other fabric used to wrap something; a length of fabric.† British author Marjorie Eccles uses swathe as a noun in her mystery The Superintendent’s Daughter (1999): Abigail eased her waybetween the stands of wallpaper books and rolls of furnishing fabrics jostling modern and antique pieces of furniture. Swathes of rich, stained-glass-coloured old silk and velvet lay side by side with currently fashionable jujube-coloured cottons, lemon and lime and orange. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer50 Tips on How to Write Good

Self-awareness and Career Management (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Self-awareness and Career Management (2) - Essay Example I will undertake the MBTIÂ ® Step I Programme and take the applicable courses from ICA in order to get closer to my goal of being a highly competent accounting person. Measurable Immediately after my graduation I will seek to find employment in the accounting function of a small organization while in the accounting graduate program. I lack work experience in accounting, therefore, the chances of a large multinational organizations declining my application would be very high. I will apply to small or medium sized organizations in the capacity as a trainee or junior or staff accountant in the accounting department. After working for a period of 12 to 18 months in a small or medium sized organization while sharpening my skills in accounting, I would venture out in search of employment in a multinational organization in the capacity of Accounting Manager or Senior Accountant. I would also strive to attend at least 6 public workshops during the next year in order to gain exposure and und erstanding of the accounting process and how to maintain accounts ledgers. Attainable The immediate goal would be to find work experience in the field of accounting with a long term goal to establish a career path within the accounting area at Qatar Petroleum Co. Within the first three months after graduation my goal will be to equip myself with suitable work experience and then work within the accounting field for a minimum of 12-18 months. Additionally, my skills in writing and speaking English need to be improved. Another skill that needs improving is proficiency with excel spreadsheets as it would be important in maintaining a large database of accounts and presenting charts and diagrams on project schedules. I will join the Brookes Entrepreneurs club and also the Oxford Entrepreneurs club in order to expand my network with both compatible and diverse individuals, thereby increasing my prospect of navigating myself into accounting function. Darling (2005) discusses the importanc e of networking. Networking with others who have had similar experiences will be helpful to me as I investigate relocating to the UK and then relocate to the UK. Realistic During the holiday break, I will purchase a CD that teaches how to use Microsoft Office tools more proficiently in order to be armed at managing databases of accounts. I will do more research on the current accounting job market; make an appointment with the Careers and Advice centre; and speak with a career advisor on making my CV more attractive to prospective employers. My interview skills will need to be reviewed with my Career advisor. Upon graduation, I will venture out in search of employment in Accounting Management as a graduate manager-trainee level or even at a staff level. Timely I would aim at improvement of my information technology skills with Microsoft office tools during the next holiday break (2010-1011). I will also join the Brookes Entrepreneurs society and the Oxford Entrepreneurs society imme diately. I will find employment in the capacity of an accounting graduate trainee or an accounting manager – trainee within the first three months after graduation. To summarize, I have goals established to take the MBTIÂ ® Step I Qualifying Programm

Marketing Management Campaign Research Proposal

Marketing Management Campaign - Research Proposal Example For this reason, different marketing concepts have been developed in order to enable a company to have a better way of increasing its profitability and market shares. It has also been argued by a lot of marketing managers that developing a proper marketing management campaign - particularly the implementation of market segmentation, the proper positioning of the products and services in the market as well as targeting the chosen markets, is the key to increase the consumer choice in terms of consumption categories. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will examine and evaluate whether the said argument is acceptable or not. First, the researcher will discuss the importance of marketing strategy in terms of increasing the number of consumers' choice in terms of consumption categories. In line increasing the consumers' choice, the researcher will analyze the importance of product positioning and targeting its selected market with the use of the traditional marketing mix known as the 4 P's (price, product, promotion / marketing communication, and place / market distribution). In line with the importance of product positioning on increasing the consumer's choice in the market, the researcher will also discuss the impact of marketing communication mix or promotion and the integrated marketing communication in product positioning. Prior to the conclusion, the researcher will discuss whether consumers today have more choice in the market in terms of selecting a preferred product and services in terms of the current market environment. Impact of Marketing Strategy to the Success of the Business Sales and profitability is the heart of each business. Since all humans have specific needs and wants with regards to a product and services, the study of marketing is focused on addressing the different needs and wants of its target consumers. It is wrong to believe that the study of marketing is focused only on selling and advertising. Since consumer product preferences are usually guided by marketing concepts such as the value of products and services, cost, customer(s) satisfaction and market distribution, marketing managers continuously find new ways to develop and establish a good relationship with the target consumers by increasing the number of consumers' choice in terms of

Elderly Care: Proposal on Hospital Admittance and Discharge

Elderly Care: Proposal on Hospital Admittance and Discharge A proposal of change to improve the quality of care for vulnerable older people who after being admitted into hospital and on discharge do not have a lot of choice in services that they receive. They are either sent home with a care package which does not meet all needs of the older person or moved to a residential home. It has been said that independence and mobility are the two most precious commodities that the elderly, as a group, need to nurture as a significant decline in either will significantly increase their dependence and reliance on others, either in the family or in the community. (Whitely, S. et al 1996) In general terms, the plight of the elderly in hospital is probably the most precarious of all of the age ranges, irrespective of the illness for which they were admitted. Any form of debilitating pathology, even if it only puts them in bed for a few days, may very well weaken their already tenuous grip on independence. The result may be either a prolonged stay in a hospital bed, home discharge with a care package which may not be totally satisfactory and all too often dependent on the ministrations of a group of overstretched healthcare professionals, or discharge to some form of residential care – which, although possibly seen by some as being the best option for the debilitated or infirm elderly, has an enormous impact on both the independence and the lifestyle of the elderly person. Let us briefly consider this last option which is not as straight forward an option as may appear at first sight. Let us personalise the discussion by referring to a hypothetically representative Mrs J., a 78 yr. old lady who has lived alone since her husband died some ten years previously. She is fiercely independent but has been getting progressively more frail as the years have gone by to the extent that it is a struggle to get her shopping. As a result her diet is becoming progressively more inadequate. Her personal hygiene, which was meticulous a few years ago, is now also failing, and she spends a great deal of her time alone and in bed. She has developed a low grade chest infection which required her to spend three days in hospital. When it came time to discharge her, her daughter could not look after her and took the decision that she would be better in a residential home. Mrs.J. had virtually no choice in the matter and on the fourth day she found herself in a residential home, surrounded by people with an average age rather greater than hers, many of whom were suffering from varying degrees of dementia. The home had a completely imposed and inflexible regime which was a major imposition on her as she had previously been able to do what she wanted when she wanted. There was virtually no privacy and never a time, day or night, when there was silence or quiet. Her house had to be sold to pay the fees, so she knew that there was no possibility that she would ever go home again and any money that she had, she was not able to spend as her savings were also taken to pay the fees. In the space of four days her life had been overturned and although she was warm, fed and cared for, by any rationalisation her quality of life had changed for ever. Mrs.J. is quoted as being fairly typical of many and her case used to illustrate the enormity of the life changing impact of admission to a residential home. Critically examination the need for the proposed change The particular change that we shall highlight in this particular essay is the need for multidisciplinary discharge planning, a move which is highlighted in the National Service Framework for the elderly (Standard Two). As we shall discuss later in this essay, the National Service Frameworks have been conceived and drafted in response to the perceived need for change. It therefore follows that it is a self-serving argument that it is a recognition of a need for change in this area that has prompted its inclusion in the National Service Framework .This rather tautological argument is given credence by a number of studies that have both looked at, and demonstrated the need for change in this area. The paper by Richards (et al 1998) was a first rate examination of the problem. It covered a number of areas, but, with specific relevance to our considerations here it highlighted how the patient outcome could be improved by a timely multidisciplinary pre-discharge assessment by a team which included social workers. This paper, if nothing else, underlines the need for change and provides a model for how improvements in the multidisciplinary discharge function can produce potential benefits for patients Evidence to support this view can be found in anyone of a number of recently published papers (such as Ham C 2004) which has specifically surveyed patient and carer satisfaction levels in the area of welfare and associated services after hospital discharge for the elderly. An outline and critical discussion of how change can be implemented Change can be a trophic factor in any organisation but no matter how good the intentions and aspirations, if it is badly managed, then the end result can be a catastrophic mess. One only has to consider the debacle of the implementation of the Griffiths Report (Griffiths Report 1983) in the NHS in the 80s to appreciate how a major management change could be badly implemented. The Government even set up its own commission to see what lessons could be learned from the episode. (Davidmann 1988) If we consider the overall implications of the report in terms of change management, the innovations failed because they were imposed rather than managed. (Davidmann 1988) Another fundamental concept in the field of change management is expressed by Marinker (1997) who points to the rather subtle difference between compliance and concordance. He suggests that human beings generally respond better to suggestion, reason and coercion rather than direct imposition of arbitrary change. The management of change is perhaps the most critical of the elements in this discussion. There is little point in having vision or ideas if you cannot successfully implement them into reality (Bennis et al 1999). The whole study of the Management of Change is built upon a set of constructs known as the General Systems Theory (GST). (Newell et al 1992). The process is both general and adaptable and can be summarised in the phrase â€Å"Unfreezing, Changing and Refreezing† or in simple terms, assessing a situation changing it, and then making the changes stick. (Thompson 1992). All changes, but particularly health and welfare related ones, should only really be made after careful consideration of the evidence base underpinning that change (Berwick D 2005). In specific terms one should evaluate the need for implementation of a multidisciplinary discharge procedure by considering the evidence that the current situation could be improved, make managers aware of the findings of need and than be proactive in encouragement in terms of support of any decisions that are made to implement such moves. The Political context If one considers the pre-2000 structure and organisation of the NHS, one could come to the conclusion that there were three major problems which, some observers stated were not consistent with what was required of a 21st century care provider, namely: a lack of national standards old-fashioned demarcations between staff and barriers between services a lack of clear incentives and levers to improve performance over-centralisation and disempowered patients. (Nickols 2004) There have been a number of reforms in the NHS which potentially impinge on the cases of the dependent elderly. Arguably the most important was the NHS Plan (DOH 2000). This is a lengthy document which calls for some fundamental changes in the working practices, and in some cases the actual roles of a number of healthcare professionals. An analytical assessment would have to conclude that, although there is a lot of detail in some areas of the plan, there is actually comparatively little detail in just how these changes should be actioned and arguably even less detail in what it expected the changes to be (Krogstad et al 2002). In the context of our discussion here, we should also note the natural ideological successor to the NHS Plan, was the Agenda for Change (2004). The National Service Frameworks were then introduced after seminal guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE 2004) The other reforms that have a bearing on our considerations are Choosing Health: making healthier choices easier (2004) and Building on the Best (2003). Both of these have considerable implications for the care of the elderly. The Choosing Health paper outlines the Government proposals for giving patients greater choice in the implementation of their health care and Building on the Best examines ways of improving and modifying current practices. There are specific references to the discharge procedures which are relevant to our discussions here. The Health context In the context of this essay the NHS Plan called for a number of reforms including: Increase funding and reform Aim to redress geographical inequalities, Improve service standards, Extend patient choice. Each of these areas has a bearing our Mrs.J. The geographical inequalities were primarily due to the historical context in which each area had implemented their own services together with the balance between funding and demand in each area. The improvement in service standards is mainly driven by the National Service Frameworks and he extension of patient choice clearly has a bearing on Mrs.J. although the choices available may well be less in practical terms than the complete spectrum of what is actually available and may well be constrained by factors such as available funding and the patient’s own physical state. (Wierzbicki et al 2001) The National Service Frameworks (amongst other things) sets out to reduce inequalities in service provision between providers and also to set standards of excellence, together with goals and targets that are nationally based rather than locality based. (Rouse et al 2001). National Service Framework Standard Two has as its stated aim to: Ensure that older people are treated as individuals and that they receive appropriate and timely packages of care which meet their needs as individuals, regardless of health and social services boundaries. It is formulated within the concept of â€Å"Person Centred Care†. This is intended to allow the elderly (and their carers) to feel entitled to be treated as individuals, and to allow them to be responsible for their own choices about their own care. The Social Care context If we accept that a patient’s discharge from hospital is dependent on many disparate and variable factors including (apart from their obvious health considerations), for example, their financial, dependence and support network status. It therefore follows that before a considered decision can be made to discharge the patient, a full and careful assessment of these various aspects should ideally be made. (Gould et al. 1995). The input of the social worker to the multidisciplinary pre-discharge team is therefore vital in this respect as it is unlikely that other healthcare professionals will be in a position to make an assessment of all of these factors. If one reads contemporary peer reviewed literature on the subject, the term â€Å"seamless interface† is a concept that frequently appears. (Dixon et al 2003). This reflects the moves towards the dismantling of the â€Å"Empire† concept of each health and welfare related subspecialty. (Lee et al 2004). And the positive integration of each, for the overall benefit of the patient. Central to this process is the advent of the Single Assessment Process (SAP) which is arguably the most important new work practice to facilitate good multidisciplinary working practices. This reduces the duplication of work, derivation of facts and paperwork that hitherto was commonplace (Fatchett A. 1998). In specific consideration of our Mrs.J. we could find that she was visited by one member of the discharge team (typically the social worker), and an assessment of all of the factors that we have discussed could be made and recorded in a single central document or reference point (computer). It is the stated aim of the SAP that the needs and wishes of the elderly patient will remain at the heart of the whole process. (Mannion R et al 2005) To consider the requirements of the National Service Frameworks and in the context of social work we should also mention the concept of the carer’s or patient’s â€Å"Champion† that has been specifically encouraged. (Bartley M. 2004). These are designated workers (often specially trained or experienced social workers), who would stand up for the need of the patient or their carers. In Mrs.J.’s case we could postulate that such a champion could assess her needs as being more appropriately dealt with by an intensive course of both physiotherapy and an occupational therapy input rather than necessarily being arbitrarily placed in a residential home. The social worker is ideally placed to assess and indeed to action interventions such as that of the occupational therapist, who can be shown to produce considerable impact on the ability of the infirm elderly to remain at home. (Gilbertson et al 2000). We should not leave this area without a demonstration that the evidence base in this area of social worker input as being both positive and beneficial by quoting the Logan paper (et al 1997) References Agenda for Change, 23 November 2004,  Government White Paper:  HMSO 2004 Bartley M. (2004),  Health Inequality. An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods.  Cambridge: University Press 2004 Bennis, Benne Chin (Eds.) 1999,  The Planning of Change (2nd Edition).. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York: 1999. Berwick D 2005 Broadening the view of evidence-based medicine Qual. Saf. Health Care, Oct 2005; 14: 315 316. Building on the best 2003,  Department of Health:  HMSO: London 09/12/2003 Choosing Health: making healthier choices easier 2004 Government White Paper,  HMSO: London 16.11.2004 Davidmann 1988,  Reorganising the National Health Service: An Evaluation of the Griffiths Report,  HMSO : London 1988 Dixon, Holland, and Mays 2003 Primary care: core values Developing primary care: gatekeeping, commissioning, and managed care BMJ, Jul 2003; 317: 125 128. DOH 2000,  NHS Plan,  HMSO; London 2000 Fatchett A. (1998),  Nursing in the new NHS: Modern, Dependable.  London: Bailliere Tindall Gilbertson, Peter Langhorne, Andrew Walker, Ann Allen, and Gordon D Murray 2000 Domiciliary occupational therapy for patients with stroke discharged from hospital: randomised controlled trial BMJ, Mar 2000; 320: 603 606 ; doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7235.603 Gould MM, Iliffe S. 1995,  Hospital at home: a case study in service development.  Br J Health Care Manage 1995; 1: 809-812. Griffiths Report 1983 NHS Management Inquiry Report DHSS, 1983 Oct 25 Ham C. (2004),  Health Policy in Britain [5th ed.]  Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Krogstad, Dag Hofoss, and Per Hjortdahl 2002 Continuity of hospital care: beyond the question of personal contact BMJ, Jan 2002; 324: 36 38. Lee, Wong, Yeung Wong, and Tsang 2004 Interfacing between primary and secondary care is needed BMJ, Aug 2004; 329: 403. Logan PA, Gladman JRF, Lincoln NB. 1997,  A randomised controlled trial of enhanced social service occupational therapy for stroke patients.  Clin Rehab 1997; 11: 107-113 Mannion R, Davies H, Marshall M (2005) Cultures for Performance in Health Care. Maidenhead: Open University Press Marinker M.1997,  From compliance to concordance: achieving shared goals,  BMJ 1997;314:747–8. Newell Simon. 1992,  Human Problem Solving.  Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs: 1992. NICE 2004,  Management guidelines : NHS Directive;  HMSO, Tuesday 7 December 2004 Nickols F 2004,  Change Management 101: A Primer,  London : Macmillian 2004 Richards, Joanna Coast, David J Gunnell, Tim J Peters, John Pounsford, and Mary-Anne Darlow 1998 Randomised controlled trial comparing effectiveness and acceptability of an early discharge, hospital at home scheme with acute hospital care BMJ, Jun 1998; 316: 1796 – 1801 Rouse, Jolley, and Read 2001 National service frameworks BMJ, Dec 2001; 323: 1429. Thompson 1992,  Organisations in Action.  McGraw-Hill, New York: 1992. Whitely,S. et al (1996)  Health and Social Care Management,  Basingstoke: Macmillan. Wierzbicki and Reynolds 2001 National service frameworks financial implications are huge BMJ, Sep 2001; 321: 705. ############################################################# PDG

A small family Essay

There is an increasing trend around the world to have a small family rather than a large family. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of having a small family rather than a large family? Over the past decades birth rates have steadily declined. Consequently, the says of nuclear families have diminish all over the world. This easy I will discuss the advantages and shortcomings of smaller family sizes. As small family can benefit children and parents and make it easier to find sufficient resources for a family. Children can enjoy their parents full attention instead of sharing it with multiple siblings. Additionally, I an family with less children sibling rivalry is less likely to be a problem among children. Parents can spend more time with the individual child and the child‘s favourite activities. Caring for a large family can be stressful mad exhausting. Parents of a small family should therefore be more relaxed and patient. Lastly, fewer children mean the family budget is more likely to leave room for some extras, like holidays or separate bedrooms for each child. On the other hand, there are also some downsides for all family members of a small family. Children can end become spoilt and less responsible than their peer growing in large families. Being an only child is often associated with egoism and less developed social skills. Parents will focus all their expectations on fewer children. This will heighten pressure to succeed on the individual child. Moreover, it might be simpler for parents to raise multiple children as siblings learn from each other and play together. In a large family every member can contribute is domestic duties are shared. Also, some common family activities, such as outdoor games, are probably more fun with a larger family. All in all, there are positive and negative aspects of having a smaller family. As family sizes are decreasing most people to believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages significantly.

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The field of computer programming and networking is one of the areas where online certification programs via online vocational classes has worked well. There are certified distance learning courses in computerized graphic arts; PC repair; and civil engineering technology. There are also more specialized online training programs for established computer technicians in areas such as C++ programming and Visual Basic programming. With a concentration in graphics, you can learn how to draft with AutoCAD or learn all about desktop publishing via an online school. These types of skills that involve visual presentations work especially well in the distance learning environment because the computer and internet allow you to send your school work immediately to the instructor. Online schools have become a huge phenomenon. Vocational training has replaced an expensive college education for many young Americans. Enrollment in technical education soared by 57 percent from 9.6 million students in 1999 to 15.1 million in 2017, according to theU.S. Department of Education. .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24:active, .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uc29b61e29fffad5345eef15bae8fbe24:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Human Resource Management JobsSearch our index of Vocational and Trade Degree Programs offered by Accredited Colleges, Universities and Schools. Related ArticlesFind Vocational and Trade Online Degree ProgramsOnline Computer Science Courses Offer Multiple SpecialtiesEducational Requirements for Post-Secodary TeachingTechnology Universities and CollegesEarning a Masters Degrees in Computer Science OnlineOnline Computer Science Degree Important Contributions to Society from Professionals in Computer Science