Case Study - Association for the Study of International...

Memorandum To: Mario DiPonetti, ASIB From: Date: ------------------------------------------------- Re: Google Scholar Submitting Abstracts to Google Scholar Confidential Google Scholar requires some strict guidelines for inclusion. ASIB will need to ensure all documents are formatted correctly on their website to be considered for inclusion on Google Scholar. I have outlined some of the requirements below. For more detailed information on specific requirements, visit Google Scholars website at http://www.google.com/intl/en/scholar/inclusion.html#overview. Guidelines 1. Visitors (or search robots) must be able to freely view abstracts without the need to sign in, install software, accept disclaimers, dismiss popup†¦show more content†¦ASIB must place each abstract in a separate HTML or PDF file. In addition, a minimum of three meta tags (title of the article, full name of at least the first author, and the year of the publication) must be included on HTML documents. For PDF documents, abstracts must be laid out according to Google’s standards which can be found at http://www.google.com/intl/en/scholar/inclusion.html#indexing. After all requirements are met, ASIB can submit their website to Google Scholar at: https://support.google.com/scholar/troubleshooter/2898950?rd=1 ASIB must weigh the high cost of creating the content in-house per Google Scholar’s strict specifications against the ease of having EBSCO provide the technical expertise. ASIB will incur the costs of additional â€Å"experienced† staff and equipment, as well as overhead if they decide to do take on this large task in-house. However, I feel the potentially high revenues could be significant. Association for the Study of International Business (ASIB) Online Revenue Models Internet Commerce Chapter 3, Case 2 This report covers recommended online revenue models for ASIB’s journals, â€Å"Annals of International Business† and â€Å"International Business Today.† ASIB’s current net profit for both journals is $14,400 per year. My revenue model recommendations would amount to a profit of $185,200 per year. This analysis will provide ASIB’s board members

Japan’s Occupation An American Operation Free Essays

The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, an American operation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of the Allied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to make a military government of Japan possible; so they decided to act through the existing Japanese gobernment. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan’s Occupation: An American Operation or any similar topic only for you Order Now General MacArthur became, except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of the former imperial forces was completed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashes and scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to live in the damp, and cold of the concrete buildings, because they were the only ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tile roof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs of winter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all the steam-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the first post war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was considered lucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddle round. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, each house was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernistic city had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack of time before the next winter. The thousands of people who lived in railroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. All they cared about was food. General MacArthur asked the government to send food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said, Send me food, or send me bullets. † American troops were forbidden to eat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparse No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durning the first six months after the American presence there. Herbert Hoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisory committee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of food to be distributed in different urban areas. Fish, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the arge vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U. S. S. R. closed off the fishing grounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was the adoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. When the Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to come up with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with only minor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effect n May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the prime minister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made as independent of executive interference as possible, and a newly created supreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality of laws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. The Emperor was reduced to being a symbol of the unity of the nation. Japanese began to see him in person. He went to hospitals, schools, mines, industrial plants; he broke ground for public buildings and snipped tape at the opening of gates and highways. He was steered here and there, shown things, and kept muttering, â€Å"Ah so, ah so. † People started to call him â€Å"Ah-so-san. Suddenly the puyblic began to take this shy, ill-at-ease man to their hearts. They saw in him something of their own conqured selves, force to do what was alien to them. In 1948, in a newspaper poll, Emperior Hirohito was voted the Civil liberties were emphasized, women were given full equality with men. Article 13 and 19 in the new Constitution, prohibits discrimination in political, economic, and social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status, or family origen. This is one of the most explicitly progressive statements on human rights anywhere in law. Gerneral Douglas MacArthur emerged as a radical feminist because he was â€Å"convinced that the place of women in Japan must be brought to a level consistent with that of women in the western democracies. † So the Japanese women got their equal rights amendment long before a oncerted effort was made to obtain one in America. Compulsory education was extened to nine years, efforts were made to make education more a traning in thinking than in rote memory, and the school system above the six elementary grades was revised to conform to the American pattern. This last mechanical change produced great confusion and dissatisfaction but became so entrenched that it could not be revised even after the Americans departed. Japan’s agriculture was the quickest of national activities to recover because of land reform. The Australians came up with the best plan. It was basis was this: There were to be no absentee landlards. A person who actually worked the land could own up to 7. 5 arcers. Anyone living in a village near by could keep 2. 5 acres. Larger plots of land, exceeding these limits, were bought up by the government and sold on easy terms to former tenants. Within two years 2 million tenants became landowners. The American occupation immediately gained not only a large constituency, for the new owners had a vested interest in preserving the change, but also a psychological momentum for other changes they wanted to initiate. The American labor policy in Japan had a double goal: to encourage the growth of democratic unions while keeping them free of communists. Union organization was used as a balance to the power of management. To the surprise of the American authorties, this movement took a decidedly more radical turn. In the desperate economic conditions of early postwar Japan, there was little room for successful bargaining over wages, and many labor unions instead made a bid to take over industry and operate it in their own behalf. Moreover large numbers of workers in Japan were government employees, such as ailroad workers and teachers, whose wages were set not by management but by the government. Direct political action therefore seemed more meani ngful to these people than wage bargaining. The Japanese unions called for a general strike on February 1, 1947. MacArthur warned the union leadership that he would not countenace a nationwide strike. The strike leaders yieled to MacArthur’s will. The reafter the political appeal of radical labor action appeared to wane. The Americans wanted to disband the great Zaibatsu trust as a means of reducing Japan’s war-making potential. There were about 15 Zaibatsu families such as – Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Yasuda, and Sumitomo. The Zaibatsu controled the industry of Japan. MacArthur’s liaison men pressured the Diet into passing the Deconcentration Law in December 1947. In the eyes of most Japanese this law was designed to cripple Japanese business and industry forever. The first step in breaking up the Zaibatsu was to spread their ownership out among the people and to prevent the old owners from ever again exercising control. The stocks of all the key holding companies were to be sold to the public. Friends of the old Zaibatsu bought the stock. In the long run the Zaibatsu were not exactly destroyed, but a few were weakened and others underwent a considerable shuffle. The initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 was marked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization. Greater attention was given to improvement of the economy. Japan was a heavy expense to the United States. The ordered breakup of the Zaibatsu was slowed down. The union movement continued to grow, to the ult imate benefit of the worker. Unremitting pressure on employers brought swelling wages, which meant the steady expansion of Japan domestic onsumer market. This market was a major reason for Japan’s subsequent economic boom. Another boom to the economy was the Korean War which proved to be a blessing in disguise. Japan became the main staging area for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy with out having to fight in or pay for a war. The treaty of peace with Japan was signed at San Francisco in September 1951 by Japan, the United States, and forty-seven other nations. The Soviet Union refused to sign it. The treaty went into effect in April 1952, officially terminating the United States ilitary occupation and restoring full independence. What is extraordinary in the Occupation and its aftermath was the insignificance of the unpleasant. For the Japanese, the nobility of American ideals and the essential benignity of the American presence assuaged much of the bitterness and anguish of defeat. For the Americans, the joys of promoting peace and democracy triumphed over the attendant fustrations and grievances. Consequently, the Occupation served to lay down a substantial capital of good will on which both America and Japan would draw in the years ahead. How to cite Japan’s Occupation: An American Operation, Essay examples

Yoghurt Manufacturing free essay sample

1. Adjust Milk Composition Blend IngredientsMilk composition may be adjusted to achieve the desired fat and solids content. Often dry milk is added to increase the amount of whey protein to provide a desirable texture. Ingredients such as stabilizers are added at this time.2. Pasteurize MilkThe milk mixture is pasteurized at 185Â °F (85Â °C) for 30 minutes or at 203Â °F (95Â °C) for 10 minutes. A high heat treatment is used to denature the whey (serum) proteins. This allows the proteins to form a more stable gel, which prevents separation of the water during storage. The high heat treatment also further reduces the number of spoilage organisms in the milk to provide a better environment for the starter cultures to grow. Yogurt is pasteurized before the starter cultures are added to ensure that the cultures remain active in the yogurt after fermentation to act as probiotics; if the yogurt is pasteurized after fermentation the cultures will be inactivated. We will write a custom essay sample on Yoghurt Manufacturing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. HomogenizeThe blend is homogenized (2000 to 2500 psi) to mix all ingredients thoroughly and improve yogurt consistency.4. Cool MilkThe milk is cooled to 108Â °F (42Â °C) to bring the yogurt to the ideal growth temperature for the starter culture.5. Inoculate with Starter CulturesThe starter cultures are mixed into the cooled milk.6. HoldThe milk is held at 108Â °F (42Â °C) until a pH 4.5 is reached. This allows the fermentation to progress to form a soft gel and the characteristic flavor of yogurt. This process can take several hours.7. CoolThe yogurt is cooled to 7Â °C to stop the fermentation process.8. Add Fruit FlavorsFruit and flavors are added at different steps depending on the type of yogurt. For set style yogurt the fruit is added in the bottom of the cup and then the inoculated yogurt is poured on top and the yogurt is fermented in the cup. For swiss style yogurt the fruit is blended with the fermented, cooled yogurt prior to packaging.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning Essay Example

Elizabeth Barrett Browning Essay Elizabeth Barrett Browning and the role of the women In the Victorian age Introduction: Thesis: Women during the Victorian Age were restricted and limited to gender roles and expectations. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was the exception through her writings of poetry. Body Paragraphs: l. The history of the Victorian Age. A. Named after Queen Victoria 1. Considered one of the most glorious periods In British history. 2. The British Empire grew In sixes and Importance while being ruled by a woman. B. People began to describe this period through poetry 1 . Poetry expressed social injustice, repression, and adjustments. 2. Themes in poetry began to change also to link the Romantic period to modern poetry. II. Poetry makes a shift. A. Males had a different focus. 1. Denied women have the capacity or the position in society to write poetry. 2. Men thought women were only good for doing housework and caring for the children. B. Women poets expressed themselves mostly by writing. 1 . After breaking free from conceptual structures, the women became a wife, and the poets they wanted to be. 2. The finest love poets were written by female poets. Ill. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Impacted poetry. A. History of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 1. Birth date, when began writing as a child. 2. Sustain injury as a child. B. Life challenges and accomplishments. 1. Her favorite brother died on July 1 1, 1840, causing her to loose focus on her poetry and stay in her room for 5 years. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Elizabeth Barrett Browning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Elizabeth Barrett Browning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Elizabeth Barrett Browning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Was recognized as one of Englands most original and gifted young poet. Conclusion: Elizabeth Barrett Browning had an enormous impact on women of the Victorian age. She helped paved the way for them to be their own people.

Organizational Structure in Nursing Essays

Organizational Structure in Nursing Essays Organizational Structure in Nursing Essay Organizational Structure in Nursing Essay Organizational Structure in Nursing NUR: Due Date: Teacher Name: Organizational Structure in Nursing The Organizational Structure in Cleveland Clinic is the parent structure that holds the health system together in the entire organization. The Organizational Structure maintains controls the system that consists of community hospitals, academic medical centers, family health centers, and various physician, and physician researchers (American Nurses Association, 2010). The medical fraternity designed the organizational structure in Cleveland Clinic to provide the necessary opportunities for delivering the best health care to patients, to facilitate the implementation of quality standards in the system as well as the promotion of effective use of resources in the hospital. An example of the success manifested by the institute’s organizational structure includes the measure to improve the quality of care in the organization continuously. In this regard, the clinic’s management at the facility implements teams of nurses, doctors, and other relevant quality measures. The guiding principle of the institute’s organizational structure revolves around the premise of â€Å"patient first† and shifts its focus to the wellbeing of the patient. However, it is prudent to note that the organizational structure in Cleveland Clinic is lacking largely in details because of the wide scope of care it places on various departments of the organizations. Support of Client-Centered Care An organizational will form its organizational structure with regard. Cleveland Clinic implements the department organizational structure. This organizational structure affects Cleveland Clinic in two major ways. These include providing the foundation on influencing the standard of operational procedures as well as routine tests. The other way includes how it determines how the organization selects the individuals who participate in certain decision-making processes. Therefore, this organizational structure determines the extent of what views shape the actions of the organizations (American Nurses Association, 2010). The successful implementation of this organizational structure largely requires the applications of clinical disciplines across technologies and practices. The challenges of achieving this organizational structure in Cleveland Clinic involve providing a firm direction on delivering the clinical disciplines and the quick implementation of required technologies and practices. The successful implementation of this organizational structure called for the full application of what Cleveland Clinic refers to as the concept of â€Å"hearts and minds† of nurses. With a view of achieving this objective, the management of the organization endeavored to initiate a practicing model for system-wide nursing (Sullivan Sullivan, 2009). This ensures that the management directs care at the clinic for the well-being of patients. Patient experience in Cleveland Clinic is the driving force of the organizational structure. The structure creates an environment of supporting client-centered care in a number of ways. Care at Cleveland Clinic strives to attend to patients. Since the inception of the institution in 1921, the founders focused their vision on fostering a patient-oriented environment that aims at delivering care to patients in the institution. The organizational structure of Cleveland Clinic is patient-centered, efficient, timely, equitable, and efficient. Though the health system in Cleveland Clinic meets the core objectives of the organization, it suffers the same defects that affect other institutions that implement a similar organizational structure. Similar to other organizations, Cleveland Clinic possesses complicated combination of institutes, medical hospitals, and services in its organizational structure. Communication Methods and Information Systems The organization structure of Cleveland also provides for communication methods, information systems as well as the decision-making ability of different cultures in the organization. Nurses play a key role in determining the use of communication methods and information systems in Cleveland Clinic. Patient ratings with regard to nursing play a significant role in influencing the organization’s use of communication methods and information systems (Huber, 2006). Studies from previous nursing experiences concluded that patient ratings led to the most influential on information systems and especially communication systems. The communication systems in this regard largely determine the process of admission, physician care, and staff care. In this regard, the premise that poor nursing experience leads to negative outcomes on quality perceptions. Furthermore, regarding information systems, the organizational structure in Cleveland Clinic recommends that the management should endeavor to eliminate poor nursing practices (Sullivan Sullivan, 2009). However, the information system in Cleveland Clinic is driven by the management’s desire of creating better family and patient-centered care as well as identifying what view that each decentralized location will have on the patients. With an estimated 11,000 registered nurses, 2000 doctors, 900 APN’s (advanced practice nurses) and 20,000 other employees, the organization structure, offers a restrictive provision on family and patient-centered care for the whole clinic. Hence, the organization has established an organizational structure that prioritizes patients and uses this as a guiding principle in communicating patient needs. Organization Chart Analysis Regarding the organizational structure implemented by Cleveland Clinic, it was possible to identify communication compliance programs that involve two-way communication. This includes flow of information from the management directed toward junior staff, such as compliance staff and information flow from the committee to employees. This is mainly formal communication because it involves the training and education functions. The other line of communication and reporting involves flow of information from junior to senior staff. Normally, this involves nurses communicating doctors and thereafter relayed to the medical officers. The issue of power and control is determined by the professional level attained by the respective staff member (Huber, 2006). For example, a doctor who has attained higher education and experience holds more authority and control over APN’s (advanced practice nurses). Social and Cultural Community Influences Considering social and cultural aspects, the organizational structure of Cleveland Clinic has indeed attempted to incorporated community social and cultural influences into the delivery of care. The management extends the concept of family and patient care through organizational structure to include the environment’s social and cultural aspects. As the medical department becomes more ethnically and racially diverse field, the health care system in Cleveland Clinic moves to respond to varied patient behaviors, values, and perspectives. Lack of understanding and managing cultural and social differences in the medical field poses significant consequences of the health, especially to minority groups. The Cleveland Clinic organizational structure endeavors to implement cultural competence as well as identifying its benefits on the organization’s health care system. Generational Differences and Organizational Culture Though most organizations devote most of their resources and time into encouraging and achieving diversity, most limit their organizational structure to ethnicity and gender. The Cleveland Clinic organizational structures however goes a step further to consider generational diversity, something that often goes unaddressed and overlooked. The structure balances the different working styles and needs of different cultures and generations in the organization. Rather than leave workplace teams and employees to function on their own, the Cleveland Clinic organization provides for them guidance and support (Papa, 2008). Though these generational conflicts act as sources of conflicts in the organization, it is prudent to understand that they play a fundamental role in identifying proper means of handling conflict that hinders productivity. Conclusion The medical fraternity in Cleveland Clinic designed the organizational structure in Cleveland Clinic to provide the necessary opportunities for delivering the best health care to patients. The Organizational Structure in Cleveland Clinic is the parent structure that holds the health system together in the entire organization. Cleveland Clinic implements the department organizational structure providing the foundation on influencing the standard of operational procedures as well as routine tests and determines how the organization selects the individuals who participate in certain decision-making processes. The Cleveland Clinic organizational structure endeavors to implement cultural competence as well as identifying its benefits on the organization’s health care system. The challenges of achieving this organizational structure in Cleveland Clinic involve providing a firm direction on delivering the clinical disciplines and the quick implementation of required technologies and practices. The issue of power and control is determined by the professional level attained by the respective staff member. Rather than leave workplace teams and employees to function on their own, the Cleveland Clinic organization provides for them guidance and support References American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Silver Spring, Md: American Nurses Association. Huber, D. (2006). Organizational Structure and nursing care management. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. Papa, M. J., Daniels, T. D., Spiker, B. K., Daniels, T. D. (2008). Organizational communication: Perspectives and trends. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Sullivan, E. J., Sullivan, E. J. (2009). Initiating and Implementing Change. In Effective leadership management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Finding a Paying Market in Homeschoolers

Finding a Paying Market in Homeschoolers Most writers are always on the lookout for ways to earn a little extra cash with their craft. One of those ways kind of fell into my lap, and I face-palmed myself for not thinking about it before. A friend asked if I would teach a writing class at her homeschool co-op. I homeschooled my own children for 18 years, and it never occurred to me to offer my knowledge to other homeschoolers. Here are a few things you need to know to break into a local homeschool group. ==They plan classes for the following year in January. September of one year isn’t too early to approach them with your class ideas for the next year. ==Co-ops have wish lists to include their course needs and requests from parents. Many of those wishes go above and beyond what most homeschooling curriculums offer. For example, most parents teach grammar at home, but can’t teach their children how to write a novel. Perhaps a journalism class, with a bimonthly printed newspaper, would be a good addition to the co-op’s class list, or teaching a freelancing class where students could actually submit stories and articles to magazines that accept writing from kids. theclaremontreview.ca/#!writing-submissions/c1bm7 http://kidspiritonline.com/help/ newmoon.com/content/?id=1006type=1 http://polyphonyhs.com/submit/ skippingstones.org/submissions.htm stonesoup.com/stone-soup-contributor-guideline/ teenink.com/Submissions/guidelines.php) ==Offer different ideas, reaching different age groups. While they may already offer a journalism class for high school age students, maybe teaching elementary students how to write and illustrate a picture book would complement the co-op’s needs. Many groups use IEW for creative writing classes. You can find out more about that curriculum at their website (http://iew.com). Study it and come up with an idea that is different, a need that isn’t already met. ==Write course descriptions and be specific. You don’t necessarily have to have your lessons planned out for the entire year, but you do need to know, and be able to communicate, what your plans are for the class. Create a syllabus to give students at the beginning of the year. ==Some parents want grades for their children to add to transcripts. Depending on what the parents are doing at home with their children, they may need you to grade, even if it just a pass/fail type of grade. Talk with the homeschool co-op to see what they require. ==Some co-ops will allow you to charge an extra fee for printing or supply costs. For example, when teaching a picture book class, you may need fancy paper, markers, stencils, and other art supplies for the children to use. This is a one-time fee for the year that allows you to purchase what is necessary for the benefit of the class. ==Expect a wide range in class number. You may only end up with a few students or up to as many as twenty, depending on the size of the co-op, scheduling conflicts, or simply the number of students interested in taking your class. ==Don’t be surprised if they require a background check. After all, you are working with their children. Teaching writing to homeschool students can be fun and exciting as well as profitable. To find a homeschool co-op in your area, visit http://a2zhomeschooling.com/regional/regional_worldwide_homeschooling/ or home-school.com/groups/ for list

Chapter 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 4 - Assignment Example For this to succeed, communication must be present as it facilitates identification of goals, request making, and problem solving. Collaboration allows mutual support as well as the ability to share knowledge appropriately. The chapter maintains that the most important aspects of collaboration include parity, trust, respect, and establishment of common goals. We also learnt that there are several communication styles that can be used and incorporate unilateral, directional, and transactional where transactional method is preferred since it favors a two way mode of communication. However, there are several barriers that affect communication and collaboration. These include cultural background, gender, age, interests and experiences. To eliminate these barriers, both the teacher and the family need to exercise strong communication skills. It is more helpful to ensure that both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication are exercised appropriately so as to eliminate the barriers. The barriers are responsible for miscommunication. Specifically, the teacher should ensure that they avoid quick fixes to certain problems, avoid minimizing feelings by using false reassurances, and ask the most appropriate questions. When barriers emerge, problem solving strategies are used to retaliate. Such strategies include avoiding emotional responses and relying on a step to step procedure. This process incorporates identification of the problem, generation of potential solutions, evaluation of those solutions, implementation of the selected solution, and evaluation of the so lution. These steps also ensure that a conflict is resolved in a constructive manner. There are several myths thought to reduce miscommunication that include more communication being better, communication being a natural ability, and open communication being effective in solving problems. We also

Data Security and Responsibility of the User Essay

Data Security and Responsibility of the User - Essay Example Hence, the human resources department are tasked to track all head hunting and social engineering activities to steal the personal information about the game designers and developers by the competition. In this context, the gaming companies implement stringent Information security policies similar to the ones defined for any software engineering company. Dayarathna (2009) presented five types of unauthorized activities that can be carried out in an organization that is immensely dependent upon computer systems and because all their intellectual properties and data resides on computer systems. These activities are - access, use, destructions, alterations and disclosure. The protection of information against these unauthorized activities are carried out in three attributes requiring different controls - Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. In my major, all the information assets including personal records are identified and their requirements pertaining to Confidentiality, Inte grity and Availability are assessed. Thereafter, the threats from unauthorized activities are assessed and the internal vulnerabilities are detected such that the risk exposures can be determined. The asset based risk assessment methodology recommended by NIST is one of the most suitable risk analysis methods applicable in computer systems industries like the gaming industry (Stoneburner and Goguen et al. 2002). The controls are applied as an integral part of the risk mitigation strategies once all the threats and corresponding risks to assets are assessed and documented. Identity management controls to protect personal records form an integral part of such controls. The records comprises of personal attributes, academic records and professional records of employees. Claub and Kohntopp (2001) argued that identity management requires multilaterally secured communication within an organization. Such a system requires that security concerns of all parties in a communication are protect ed and hence valid pseudonyms related to all parties need to be shared. If one of the parties is not able to share valid pseudonyms then the party is viewed to be an unauthorized participant in the communication channel. The companies having computer generated intellectual properties are very strict about such pseudonyms that are digitally coded in various access tools provided to valid employees. Moreover, all communication channels are secured using various controls like e-mails & attachment scrutiny (both in inbound as well as outbound), private e-mail sites blocked by a firewall, intrusion prevention systems deployed at the Internet gateways, telephone conversations are routed through trained operators smart enough to detect social engineering/head-hunting attempts, etc (Phua. 2009). Such mechanisms can help in protecting theft of pseudonyms related to all employees such that their identity can be protected. Companies dependent upon computer generated intellectual property are h ighly concerned about protection of personnel information that

Homer Simpson and Contemporary American Values of Fatherhood Essay Example for Free

Homer Simpson and Contemporary American Values of Fatherhood Essay The Simpsons is one of the many television shows in the United States of America which features a full length cartoon narrating the everyday lives of a family. The show makes us confront the absurdities of how some Americans live through the jovial portrayals and behaviors of the characters in the animated show. While each of the members of the Simpson’s family represent a several prevalent attitudes of Americans—some bordering on the obscene and some bordering on the good—the viewer’s perceptions not only about the American society in which he or she lives in but also about his or her self is challenged. The show seems to attempt to push its viewers to reexamine their lives, reflecting on each character in the Simpson’s family and the rest of the characters in the show. In general, the Simpson household is a dysfunctional family, never aging through the course of the show in years and often ends the show portraying the family members still loving one another despite the odds. For the most part, the Simpson’s family both reinforce and subvert contemporary American values in a number of ways. Each episode highlights the struggles of the family members of the Simpson household and the neighborhood, sometimes reaffirming several social stereotypes and sometimes challenging our comfort zones and our accepted beliefs. In any case, it is important to note that even the seemingly absurd gestures and encounters of every character in the animated show point to contemporary American values that may be either subverted or reinforced, depending on the interpretation of the viewer in most cases. Homer Simpson, the father of the household, embodies the typical American dad. He is a father who enjoys drinking his beer—specifically called â€Å"Duff†Ã¢â‚¬â€who is physically overweight and who is protective of his family. He works at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant despite his careless characteristic, thereby suggesting that he has this potential to bring chaos to the rest of the community with his slightest mistakes while at work. Apparently, Homer’s characteristics reflect the typical American father who has the responsibility to raise his kids and secure the welfare of his family. His character subverts the contemporary American perception that divorce oftentimes results from a family that is dysfunctional. Despite his failures to provide for several needs of the Simpson household, he has never resorted to divorcing his wife, Marge. At the end of the day, Homer finds himself at home together with his wife in bed looking forward to the coming day ahead. Moreover, Homer has been shown to have a strong regard for the welfare of his family in difficult times, such as in â€Å"Lisa the Beauty Queen† (1992) where he sold his prized car in order to enter her daughter, Lisa, into a beauty pageant to make her feel better and in â€Å"A Millhouse Divided† (1996) where he arranged for a second wedding for his wife, Marge, to compensate for their unsatisfactory first wedding ceremony. On the other hand, some of Homer’s characteristics also reinforce some contemporary American values. One of these values is the thinking that typical American fathers spend their time drinking beer and submitting themselves to their weaknesses quite easily. Some of Homer’s weaknesses are his strong craving for doughnuts, his aggressive behavior in difficult times or in times when he is not able to complete his tasks and his low intelligence. In general, these things reinforce the stereotype of the American dad, reflecting the cultural struggle of the American father in the American landscape, losing his intellectual edge along the way. Looking at the ways in which Homer Simpson handles himself before his family, it can be said that his character implies the binary opposition between depth and superficial, centering and dispersal, and distance and participation. For one, the character portrayal of Homer suggests the depth of his personality, one that can be easily interpreted as the typical American father at first glance but one that can also be interpreted as an unusual American dad on closer inspection. Despite raising a dysfunctional family on a daily basis, Homer has not given up on his task as a father although there are times when he seems to be on the verge on giving up on things. While he is considered to be a borderline alcoholic, he does not end up entirely succumbing to his habit. On the contrary, he is able to maintain his fatherly figure and image and goes on to raise his family even when it meant attending to several jobs on many occasions. There is both the depth and the superficial qualities in Homer Simpson that represent American fathers in contemporary society. While at that, Homer’s character is also able to create distance and participation among the viewers. It is not surprising at all if the viewers of the show are able to relate to the experiences of the Simpson household because the experiences of Homer’s family might just as well be the same daily experiences that other households experience. By focusing on the typical experiences of American families, the animated show is able to draw the attention of the viewing public and, in a way, to allow them to â€Å"participate† in the show at least in terms of being able to relate to and find a part of themselves in the show. However, the animated show is also able to distance the viewer from the characters. In the sense that the nature of the show—meaning, its â€Å"animated† structure—makes the characters open to seemingly absurd situations, it is not always the case that the viewers are able to expect an exact representation of their daily experiences. That is, the cartoon characters can perform unrealistic behaviors that the real-life viewers can hardly imitate. The binary opposition between distance and participation in the show is also reflected in terms of how the show portrays the stereotypes prevalent in American society and, in the process, causes its viewers to identify themselves first with the show’s characters and eventually causing them to redefine themselves. The fact that The Simpsons explores the negative stereotypes in contemporary American society suggests that its viewers may or may not be able to fully relate to these stereotypes. Those who are able to relate to these stereotypes are more or less likely expected to distance themselves from these stereotypes or, more specifically, from Elizabeth Traube calls as â€Å"the fictional self that it (stereotype) constructs† (Traube, p. 129). Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson further suggest that popular culture has not only been the offspring of society’s â€Å"beliefs, practices and objects generated from political and commercial centers† but has also become â€Å"an entity on its own† (Mukerji and Schudson, p. 53). Thus, it is not surprising to say that there will be so-called â€Å"popular culture† so long as there are conduits for expressing the generally observed patterns of behavior among people. The Simpsons is just one of the many social elements that showcase such patterns. The assumption here is that some television shows such The Simpsons do not only serve the purpose of highlighting parts of the generally observed behaviors of people—behaviors that are parts of stereotypes—but also reinforce and subvert such observations at the same time. The very presence of these kinds of television shows help people realize what they have become. They aid the human civilization to notice the things that have become so familiar they no longer strike the vein of our senses and sensibilities. In â€Å"The Visible Evidence of Cultural Producers†, Maureen Mahon suggests that forms of popular culture serve as â€Å"arenas in which social actors struggle over social meanings and as visible evidence of social processes and social relations† (Mahon, p. 467). Apparently, Homer Simpson’s character in the animated series struggles over social meanings within the context of the show. The context of the show, however, is anchored on the realities happening in the society. That, in turn, suggests that, indeed, the character of Homer is a visible evidence of several social processes and social relations in real life, from his struggles to raise his family and his role as a father. Jerry Herron also suggests that Homer Simpson is not only a â€Å"reminder† of how much of contemporary America has declined but is also a symbol for challenging our attitude towards the social stereotypes. In particular, Homer Simpson is â€Å"an appeal to the sensibility of the public towards popular culture to redefine themselves from the negative to the positive† (Herron, p. 12). But what exactly are these positive and negative aspects and how are we able to identify them without confusing one over the other? The answers do not seem to be as clear and as simple as they seem. Based on Jerry Herron’s article â€Å"Homer Simpson’s Eyes and the Culture of Late Nostalgia†, it appears that Homer Simpson is both a criticism to society’s stereotypes and, at the same time, as an embodiment of those stereotypes. Homer plays the role of an intellectually challenged but loving father. He takes the role of the typical American dad who loves to drink his favorite beer and yet his is a character that challenges the contemporary attitude towards dysfunctional marriages and families. He directs the viewer’s attention to his character while making them reflect on their own lives and society at the same time. He shows some of life’s worse obscenities and yet allows the viewers to realize the stark contrasts between a life worth living and a life that is worthless. In essence, Homer Simpson subverts and reinforces contemporary American values. In â€Å"Stereotypes and Registers of Honorific Language†, Asif Agha argues that stereotypes â€Å"are consciously grasped† and are, hence, â€Å"reportable, discussable, open to dispute† and that â€Å"they serve as models for some individuals and counter-models for others† (Agha, p. 152). Following Agha’s interpretation of stereotypes, the social perception towards the stereotype American father is still open to dispute and can in turn serve as the â€Å"counter-model† for what the American should be. Using Homer Simpson as an example, our notion of the â€Å"right† American dad can be derived from some of the qualities of Homer Simpson. The conscious exposure of the viewing public towards The Simpsons can be an eye-opener for reassessing our standing perception of the stereotype American father. While the image portrayed by Homer is â€Å"an entity on its own†, it is nevertheless still created from the social realities that persist in contemporary America. It is only through a radical change in the contemporary American value system can the American society be lifted from its status quo. But that is not to say that the task of removing the binary opposition between depth and superficial, centering and dispersal and distance and participation begins at the stage where the American public is able to realize the stereotypes and recognize the â€Å"counter-models†. Rather, it begins right at the criticism of such stereotypes prevalent in popular culture. The creation of the character of Homer Simpson is perhaps the first stage in bringing the things that â€Å"dumb down† America into the public awareness. Of course, it is not enough to have shows such as The Simpsons, among others, to emphasize the cultural problems of America and to compel people to address these problems. However, it is only necessary to first bring elements of popular culture into the surface, elements that both reinforce and subvert contemporary American values in order to proceed with the tasks of criticizing what has become of this nation and its people and of resolving what needs to be resolved.

Essay --

Adham Elnashai United States History During the Civil War and the American Revolution Americans didn’t only have to deal with their national policies, they also had to deal with their international relations with the rest of the countries in the World. The relations with other countries are also known as Foreign Policies. The overseas dimensions reflected onto the Civil War and Revolution Era. In 1861, 11 states seceded from the United States to form the Confederate States of America and over the course of the following four years, America fought to bring the Confederate States back under control. During the Civil War the Confederacy frequently required international support for its cause, often calling upon foreign support on its cotton exports to obtain it. The Union, on the other hand, strove to prevent other nations from recognizing the Confederacy as a legitimate nation and from getting involved in the Civil War. In an attempt to starve the Confederate economy and to cut it off from its international supporters, the Union engaged in a â€Å"blockade of Confederate ports† a move that was of questionable legality in international law. Despite the Confederacy’s significant international commercial bonds, the lack of definitive military victories for the South and the success of Union efforts to link the Confederacy with the institution of slavery finally prevented any of the European powers from officially recognizing or supporting the South. Figure 1 (Blockade Runners of the Civil War) One of Lincoln’s main strategies rested upon an effective blockade of the South's 3,500 miles coastline, embracing a dozen main ports and nearly two hundred bays and maneuverable rivers. This was almost impossible for a nation with only so... ...ement of space to portraying the barbarities. The most renowned U.s. prohibitionist pioneer, Frances Willard of the WCTU, existed in England in 1896; she raised trusts for Armenian displaced people in Britain and America. The United States, through resolutions, in the end chose to work by implication with different countries to secure the privileges of the Christian Armenians, as well as the wellbeing of American lives and property abroad. Protestant teachers gave by and large faultless reports of human rights ill-uses against Armenians. They and the American press, nonetheless, frequently stereotyped the "barbarous and barbarian Turks," inferring that they were racially or religiously inclined to torture and homicide. In toons from the presidential fight, descriptions of Turks reflected and strengthened such biases. Figure 3 (Turks threatening to expel Armenians)

Personal Finance Essay

Personal finance addresses the way an individual or families earn, budget, save, and spend money gained from employment, loans, or gifts. As a college student, my personal finances are based upon money I have obtained, seasonal employment and parental support. In creating my budget, I had to realize that my income was not the same each month so I had to make sure I had enough money to pay for my gas, phone bill, and entertainment. Sometimes I would go over budget due to unexpected bills so I would ask for help from my parents. I use a debit card through my bank City National Bank. I chose this bank because my parents also bank there and it’s a small personal bank. It makes it easier if I need my mom to transfer money to my account in case of an emergency. I do not use checks only my debit card and occasional cash, the debit card pulls money out of my account somewhat like a check. I do check my account online, and my statement looks similar to the on in The Money 101 Student Workbook. The format is a little different, but the same kind of information is given. I do not keep a register much to my mother’s dismay. Every Christmas, she gives me a register to keep track of my spending but I fail to use it. I do track my spending through balance inquiries that I receive via the ATM, as well as online. If I wanted to change banks, I would choose a bank that would be in Marshall and has the small town feel to it. I would also want one that might offer interest on my account. I didn’t find any new information concerning debit cards, but I do prefer a debit card to a credit card because it takes money out of your account instead of possibly spending what you don’t have. You can also abuse a credit card and use it unnecessarily. I did check on annualcreditreport. com to see if I had a credit report, but I do not because I don’t have any accounts in my name. The best card deal I found was on chase. com because if I put my name on my parents account then I could also have their 8. 99% interest rate. There were lots of credit card offers that had 0% introductory rates, but since I have no credit, then the interest rate would rise dramatically. Some insurance policies that would be important for personal finance would be disability insurance, car insurance, and health insurance. Identity theft insurance would probably be a good insurance protection. The thing that stuck out to me when Mike Brady came and spoke was the concept of â€Å"full coverage† insurance for your car, he said that it’s only an interpretation and not something that is written down, he also stated that there is no such thing as â€Å"full coverage. I would probably put my savings in the savings account in my bank since I would have access to it. My retirement plan would be to match whatever my company is putting into my 401K and putting money into stock that I can draw from when I actually do retire. The test that we took in the back of the booklet was fairly easy after looking through this so many times I answered a credit card would be the one to hurt you the most when in fact it says the student loans would affect your credit score more. My parents educated me very well on a lot of these subjects especially budget and checking account, my mom has preached to me about having a budget for as long as I can remember. The thing I learned from this unit, just to point one out, was the savings and retirement planning I didn’t realize it was such a priority because at my age you really don’t think about those things but I’ve learned that I do need to start early.

Polyhydroxybutyrate Phb

Polyhydroxybutyrate PHB Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class. Progress Analysis: – Bacteria first used to make PHB in 1925 at Pastuer Institute in Paris. – In 1970’s adopted by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) – Alcaligenes Eutrophus grown in fermentation vats with Molasses – The bacteria is then starved of nutrients (glucose and nitrogen) – PHB is produced as an energy store for the bacteria. In 1980’s Maddison University (Virgina) successfully cloned the 3 genes of A. Eutrophus that control PHB production and transferred them to Escherichia coli – an easier bacteria to work with allowing easier manipulation of the polymer depended on the need. – In 1990’s the 3 genes were cloned into sugar beets and turnips – much larger scale production of polymer. Work continuing (with Monsanto – company bought patent) into cloning genes to corn. Production: The manufacturing process of PHB begins with sunlight.Through photosynthesis carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is converted to carbohydrates via sugar beets or sugar cane. These carbohydrates (like Lactose, Fructose and Glucose) are the raw material for the manufacturing of PHB. Uses: †¢In medicine, PHB is compatible with the blood and tissues of mammals. The monomer of PHB is a normal metabolic in the human blood. As the body reabsorbs PHB it might be used as a surgical implant, in surgery, as seam threads for the healing of wounds and blood vessels. In pharmacology, PHB can be used as microcapsules in therapy or as materials for cell and tablet packaging. †¢In packaging for deep drawing articles in the food industry, for example, bottles, laminated foils, fishnets, potted flower, hygiene, fast food, one-way cups, agricultural foils and fibres in textile. Advantages of PHB: †¢Good mechanical properties, especially when low density and price are taken int o account. †¢Recyclable, renewable and non-abrasive to manufacturing equipment. †¢PHB is hydrophobic, therefore protects natural ? res from moisture sensitivity. †¢Mechanical properties are comparable to other polymers used (e. g. PP). †¢PHB has a fast degradation rate compared to other plastics. (months in sewage and years in sea water) yet ultra violet light can speed up this process. †¢The main advantage in the medical field is that PHB is a biodegradable plastic which can be inserted into the human body and does not have to be removed again. †¢Can be manipulated genically therefore can be used for many things Disadvantages of PHB: †¢It has a tendency to be brittle. Costs four times as much as polyethylene (it’s major competitor) †¢Cheaper to produce necessary materials from petrochemical industry. †¢Large scale production in early stages. †¢Uses sugarcane which can decrease biodiversity such as in Brazil. Evaluative Conclu sion: PHB has huge potetial as polymer for future,this is due to its main advantages such as being biodegradable and it has an ease of manipulation. This is good although work must be done to make it cheaper. Also work must be done to reduce the very large scale production in the early stages of production.There needs to be a way to make this plastic from cellulose in plant cell walls rather than from sugarcane alone. As the petrochemical industry supplies become scarce the price of PHB will go down, which is good for future use. Links Used: http://sundoc. bibliothek. uni-halle. de/diss-online/02/02H017/t2. pdf http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biopolymer http://www. gotessays. com/essays/543/index. php http://umpir. ump. edu. my/696/1/Aimi_Salma_Awalludin. pdf

Family Development in Three Generations essay

Family Development in Three Generations essay Family Development in Three Generations essay Family Development in Three Generations essayThe sociology of the family is based on some theoretical traditions: the structural-functional analysis of the family as a social institutional and the social-conflict perspective on the family. Actually, these theoretical traditions have very much in common, but at the same time, there are certain differences between them. Both of these approaches are focused on the study of the key family issues. However, each of these approaches views families in different ways, providing different definitions to the term â€Å"family†. In general, both the structural-functional analysis of the family and the social-conflict perspective on the family are based on the study of the family, but from different perspectives.   The major goal of this paper is to compare and contrast the structural-functional analysis of the family as a social institutional to the social-conflict perspective on the family.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   T he structural-functional analysis of the family refers to the concept of the family as a social institutional. According to researchers, â€Å"a structural-functional approach defines family in terms of the functions it serves for society†(Kain, 2007, p. 110).   In other words, the family can be viewed as a social institution that bears responsibility for a wide range of social problems, activities and actions including â€Å"procreating, socialization of the next generation, regulation of sexual behavior, protection of members, personality development, and placement of members within the society’s stratification system† (Kain, 2007, p. 110).   Structural-functional theorists place emphasis on the role of family socialization, regulation of sexuality within a family context (the taboos of incest, or sexual relations or marriage between blood relatives) (Hill, 2010). In general, structural-functional analysis gives explanation to the fact that human society d epends on families. This approach has some limitations regarding the diversity of the family life in the U.S., as well as the inability of other social institutions to meet the same human needs. Besides, structural-functionalist approach overlooks some obvious negative aspects of the family life, e.g. patriarchy and family abuse.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By contrast to the structural-functional analysis of the family, the social-conflict perspective on the family views the family as â€Å"an oppressive institution, which maintains the status quo of unequal power relations – between men and women and between different age groups† (Kain, 2007, p. 110).   This approach explores the connection between inequality and the family, focusing on the ways that the family can benefit society. In other words, conflict theorists explore the ways how the family may perpetuate social inequality. The following issues are discussed by conflict theorists: â€Å"prop erty and inheritance†, the role of patriarchy and race and ethnicity issues (Hill, 2010).   Social-conflict analysis is based on demonstration of the other side of the family life, placing emphasis on the role of the family in social stratification. In general, the family may be closely connected with social inequality, as the family performs some societal functions that cannot be executed by other means.Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the structural-functional analysis of the family as a social institutional and the social-conflict perspective on the family view the family in different ways, and solve various family problems differently. Nevertheless, there are some common goals of the structural-functional analysis of the family and the social-conflict perspective on the family. These common goals are concluded in the study of family problems to improve the life of men and women, as well as the development of t heir children. Both approaches help to solve various social problems connected with family issues.

Beats Marketing

Read this college essay and over others like it now, http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Something-From-Nothing- The-Art-Of-1707686. HTML Something from Nothing the Art of Rap Essay898 Words Read this term paper and over 1,500,000 others like it now. Http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Beats- Marketing-63403078_HTML Beats Marketing Essay616 Words Since soccer is the most popular sport in Brazil, this campaign by Beats is a well-planned technique to raise brand awareness in the Brazilian nation.In addition, having Braziers most popular athlete wearing the merchandise is another successful step in reaching out to Brazilian consumers. One way this campaign may not be successful is the economic situation in Brazil. In August 2014, BBC reported that Braziers economy has fallen into a recession. Beats products are known for being high-priced, with most of them costing around $200. With many Brazilian struggling during the recession, Beats may have robbers selling their luxurious brand in the country. One way Beats can increase the success of their campaign to target Brazilian would be to demonstrate a more economical product. For instance, Beats can make a new commercial with the Brazilian soccer star Anymore wearing the Beats ear-buds product, which are about half the price of the Beats Studio product that he was wearing in the original commercial. The lower price may appeal better to the consumers of that country.

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Economics - Assignment Example Through this, it would have saved some money that would be used for purchasing land and equipments, acquiring licenses and constructing the new premises. If a new branch is formed from scratch, the business would have forgone the costs that would be associated with the formation of a merger. If the business decided to collaborate with an already existing one, it will not need to incur costs such as construction, buying of new equipments and recruiting of new staff. All these would be forgone if a new branch is opened in another location. On the other hand, the business can opt for employing part-time employees instead of recruiting full time workers. As the best alternative, having part-time workers will be cheaper than full time employees. First, since they will be on a part-time basis, they will need to be paid less wages and salaries. At the same time, they will not be entitled to lots of benefits such as pension and insurance schemes. All these will be forgone if the business decides to recruit additional full-time workers to enable it deal with the increased demand of its products. As a matter of fact, the costs of engaging additional full-time workers would be higher because, unlike their part-time counterparts, they would have to be paid higher salaries, attractive allowances and entitled to lots of benefits such as pension schemes and medical covers. However, all these would change if the increased demand was a temporary occurrence. In this situation, the management would need to come up with short term measures. Of all the alternatives, I would like to suggest that the business should set up retail outlets and chain stores in different parts of the country. It can be the best alternatives to adopt in case short-term measures are required. It qualifies as the best alternative since it would enable the business to minimize its expenses. It is not recommended to establish a new branch if the increase in demand is only expected to last for a short period of

Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism Assignment - 7

Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism - Assignment Example On the other hand, over-research is disadvantageous since it to wastage of time that can be used to fulfill other crucial duties. In the case of under-research, the advantage is that little time is used to collect research information, yet the results may be adequate to address the research question. However, under-research may give inadequate information, which may not necessarily be enough to complete the research question (Fryxell, 2004). Â  Plagiarism is a serious academic offense that cannot be taken lightly; it is unacceptable to engage in plagiarism since the act goes against academic standards that have been set by many education boards and institutions of learning. In my opinion, plagiarism matters because it is not right to use another person’s ideas without acknowledging the source of information. In my opinion, I think that plagiarism in most cases can be regarded as deliberate. This is because most people who plagiarize are aware of the consequences of their actions (Neville, 2010). In addition, most of the people who engage in plagiarism know that it is wrong to plagiarize, and they are aware of how they can avoid this action. A plagiarist should be treated as an offender who has done something wrong in the face of the law. The appropriate penalty for plagiarism should be cancellation of an academic degree that was given to a plagiarist who published plagiarized.

Debates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debates - Essay Example However, Obama ensures to secure Israel, secure religious minorities and feminines, and foster the economy. He also supplemented that Syria must be dissolved through ensuring that their allies are strong, but that does not mean military provisions. Moreover, both agreed in the case of the insisted Egyptian President Mubarak Go (Nate). Romney’s perspectives on America’s role in the world are simply the leader of all nations to promote peace. That is possible by fostering the economy of the country, and supporting their allies. He depicted that there are uncertainties that may occur, and being prepared through firm troops is the best approach to combat against unexpected military forces that might attack the US. Obama notes that the US has been reconstructing the economy through employee retention, strengthening automaker industry, and decreasing the cost of oil imports (â€Å"Third Presidential Debate†). Romney believes that Afghanistan can recover through the aid of the US, only if Afghans can meet their benchmarks. However, Obama utters about shifting its focus on Afghanistan after the closure of war in Iraq. Both have agreed that, by 2014, Afghanistan can be ready. Furthermore, Romney describes that the US should negotiate with Pakistan not to commence a war against Afghanistan. They both have agreed to promote annihilation of extremism through leveraging corrupt officials in the government (Nate). Moreover, if Israel is attacked, the US should secure Israel. Romney says that Iran cannot utilize nuclear weapon. Obama says Iranian navy cannot come into the US docks. Both of them have concurred on this--that utilizing military forces is the final resort. The goal of Obama for Iran is to put an end on its nuclear program; thus, they can re-penetrate the international society. Romney’s description of Iran is somehow varied, uttering that Iran is a strong nation now,

Creating a Suitable Braking Assembly

Creating a Suitable Braking Assembly To understand the advanced material and processing technologies specifically to study the interaction between different materials and the design process to create a suitable braking assembly consisting of disc, caliper and brake pads. Disc A disc brake or rotor is used to stop or slow down a moving vehicle. There are two types of disc brakes namely solid and ventilated disc .The rotating disc is connected to the axle and rotates with the wheel. When brake is applies the kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy. The temperature range of a disc braking under braking is 400C-600C. The weight if the disc also matters. For better braking and longer disc life. The disc should have grooves to disperse water to give maximum performance under wet conditions. Disc which are likely to corrosion are coated with anti rust paint. It should be resistant to wear and tear. The reliability of the disc increases when it responses fast and gives safety in all situations. Caliper The main function of the caliper is to hold the brake pads and to hub the brake fluid. The caliper is the actuator in braking and is attached to the steering knuckle. The pistons inside the calipers push against the brake pads which rub against the disc. There are two types of caliper-floating and fixed calipers. Fixed type does not rotate and are fixed. Floating type rotates in relation with the disc on an axis. The caliper should be clean and dirt free for maximum performance. It should also be corrosion resistant. Since calipers are actuators, they have to be made for maximum safety. Need to check if all the pistons are working or if they are engaged. Calipers should also dissipative heat produced. The calipers should provide complete safety in all conditions. Brake pads Brake pads are friction materials mounted on the caliper. They have high friction and help stop the vehicle. They wear out and have to be replaced for better braking. Brake pads or friction pads are the most important part in a brake assembly as this is the part that stops the vehicle. The most important property of the pad is the have a constant high coefficient of friction in a wide range of temperature. The pads should have enough surface area. Heat produces during braking should be dissipated or absorbed. It should have high melting point or the pads could face a phenomenon called brake fade. The brake pads must not wear out rapidly neither should it wear the disc. All the braking action should be quiet, even and stable. Disc Since the disc is thin, the material should be high compressive strength and should not deform under pressure or stress. Therefore the disc rotors need to have high melting point, high dynamic and thermal stability. Rotors should also be wear and rust resistant. The material should also have high dampening to absorb all the vibrations and noise when braking. It should also high have high thermal conductivity and should dissipate heat quickly. It should be able to minimize thermal expansion and should also be hard enough to withstand cracking. Finally the material should have superior machineability and castability. Caliper Material selection for caliper is crucial as it takes in high pressure and stress. It should be light and should have high tensile strength. The pistons should be made of high strength materials to transfer the force from the hydraulic fluid to the brake pads for effective braking. The material should not deform under high stress. Caliper design can get complicated so it should be easy to machine. The material should help in absorption and dissipation of heat and vibrations. Moreover it ought to be rust and dirt resistant. It should also exhibit high dynamic and thermal stability. Brake Pads The material selection for brake pads must have high coefficient of friction for a wide range of temperature and high melting point. Moreover it should withstand heat and dissipate quickly. Another desirable quality of the material is low dust and also low NVH which gives brakes a quiet operation. The material should provide a fade free operation and help eliminate rotor squeal. Pads should have long life but should be rotor friendly also. Since the pads are replaced frequently the pads should be easily machineable and the materials should be easily available. Disc and Caliper The material selected for Disc rotors and caliper is Cast Iron. Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon, where the carbon presence is about 3%-4.5% by weight. It is popular because of its low cost and ability to take complicated shapes and ease of machineability. The mechanical properties can be divided into the following Tensile strength-Cast Irons have comparatively less tensile strength but it serves the purpose in disc brakes. The strength is of the magnitude of 7 tonnes per square inch. Hence making the disc brake safe under tensile loading. Compressive strength-Cast iron is popular for its high compressive strength and can take the high compression from the friction material under braking. Consequently brake caliper can take in high load and resist bending or crack. High melting point-The melting ranges from 1140C to 1200C, which is more than sufficient for disc rotors. This helps in removing the disc fade phenomenon and helps braking more efficient at high temperature. Resistances to deformation-Cast irons resist any form of deformation and give a very rigid frame. Hence any form of cracking or breaking is eliminated by careful manufacturing methods. Resistance to Corrosion-Cast iron provides resistance to rust as it inhibits the oxidation of iron. But any part subjected to rust is coated with paint for extra protection. Wear and tear The chosen material is known for its hardness. Wearing out or eroding cast iron is incredibly difficult. Cast iron has proved its excellent abrasion resistance for years. For this reason, cast iron has been selected for disc rotors and caliper for excellent braking performance. Durability and Environment Issues Cast Iron are known to have high durability against fuels where the disc and caliper are often in attendance. The hydraulic fluids used in calipers cause no harm to the metal and hence provide good braking. Cast irons are environmentally friendly material which can be recycled and also doesnt require high energy in machining which reduces cost and pollution. Therefore Cast Iron proves to be the suitable material for disc rotors and brake caliper as it serves the entire design requirement. Adding to the qualities is the dampening ability which helps in NVH free running. It even has an extremely low coefficient of expansion .moreover it also has low sound emission level and also dissipates heat quickly. All these qualities add up to make the cast iron the suitable material. Pads The material selected for brake pad is Asbestos because of its high coefficient of friction. It mainly found in silicate minerals and usually found as long, thin fibrous crystals. Asbestos became popular with its physical properties and came to be used widely in spite of its health hazards. The physical properties are divided below. Tensile Strength Asbestos is known to have very high tensile strength which makes it perfect for use as brake pads. As the brakes are applied at high speed, the pads are rubbed against the disc at high speed producing high tensile force. Therefore asbestos provides the require strength to counter it. High Melting point Asbestos has melting point in the order of 1200C-1500C.This helps in removing the fear of brake fade giving high performance even at high temperatures. Resistance to deformation Asbestos is found to be flexible material. The flexibility of the material helps it to change angle and help increase the braking as the surface of the pads will be evenly run over the disc generating excellent braking. Adding to flexibility is its high tensile strength. Wear and tear Asbestos has high coefficient of friction which makes it perfect but since asbestos are fibers, they tend to wear out but on a reduced or controlled rate according to the manufacturing method. They are designed to wear out eventually. But asbestos are durable material resistant to a number of elements. Environmental issues Asbestos are not environment friendly material neither is it safe for humans. Its fibers often cause health risk which makes it quiet dangerous to use. Asbestos has a number of outstanding abilities such as heat, fire, chemical, friction, electrical, acoustical resistance. All these qualities help in providing a smooth braking feat. It insulates heat and helps dissipate heat quickly. The acoustical properties help absorb the noise and sound and give a quieter operation. Since its chemically inert, it helps in operation in any conditions. Moreover it is insoluble in water and corrosion has no effect. All these qualities add up to prove that asbestos is a good material for brake pads. Disc Disc brake rotors are made using a simple process of casting. Casting is a manufacturing process where the selected material is poured into a mold which has the shape and geometry of the design and then allowed to solidify. Once the metal is solidified, the finished product is taken out by ejection or breakage of mold. Casting is also helpful in mixing two or more materials.The current manufacturing route for the disc brake rotor is casting as cast iron has excellent cast ability and machineability. Since casting has been used for a very long time, it has been developed over the years too. Its economical because of the low equipment cost and tooling cost which helps keep cost down. Disc rotors are made using sand mold. The disc shape is made in a sand cavity and molten cast iron is poured into the cavity. The liquid metal flows to all the space and empty crease in the cavity and takes the shape of the mold. Once the mold shape is taken, it is allowed to cool. After the mold has been cooled to a temp where it can be taken out of the mold, the product can be ejected or the mold can be broken to take the product. Once it is casted, the shape of the disc rotor has been created. It then goes for machining where it is trimmed to final dimensions and level the surface for critical surfaces/dimensions. After machining, the disc is taken over to surface abrasive section where all the rough edges and surface are made clean and smoothen to increase smoothness. After all the work has been done it might be given a coat of anti rust or left over for packaging. Many disc manufacturers drill holes and mill the disc rotors for better air flow and heat dissipation. Casting is a low cost process but often it come with flaws. The rotors would have sand inclusions, bubbles, porosities and usually end up in one piece which can induce really high stress. This can cause uneven cooling or heating and produce cracks in the rotor. Once a crack is formed in a disc, it can lead to the destruction of the whole disc. Therefore the cracks should be taken care of beforehand. To counter this problem, many companies resort to what is called ASTM high temperature cast iron. They use vacuum assist degassed to eliminate the pososite to help stop cracking. Caliper The selected material for caliper is cast iron. Since cast iron have good castability, calipers are also made from casting. But since calipers take a very complex shape and have minute detailing, a high pressure casting is used. High pressure casting is similar to sand casting except that very high pressure of the order 14-140MPa is used to force the liquid to the mould giving good surface finish and also production of very thin sections. The process involves the cast iron melted to be flowing liquid. A mold of the caliper is made and the liquid is injected to the die using a plunger. The liquid fills the die cavity and since high pressure is used, the liquid goes to the smallest creases and takes the whole of the die space leaving less room for inclusions or porosity. Once the liquid is cooled, the die is opened and the product is taken out for further processing. Since the surface finish is good, there is less need to machining. It may be treated with chemicals and all the complicated shapes are cleaned. The caliper is given a protective paint coating for anti rust property. The major advantage is of the high pressure casting is the high production rate compared to sand cast. This is the current route of the manufacturing of calipers using cast irons. Pads Pads are manufactured rather traditionally. Basic process involves cutting of 2 metals one with a friction lining and then sticking them together to make the brake pad. The process starts with cutting two sheets metal. One metal will have the friction material and the other metal will act as a carrier. Once the sheet metals are cut, the two metals are bonded together by a damping layer. The damping layer is an adhesive that sticks both the metals together. Its a layer is a peroxide-cross linked polyacrylate adhesive of a thickness of about 75 ÃŽ ¼m or a peroxide-cross linked silicone adhesive of a thickness of about 100 ÃŽ ¼m. First the damping layer is applied onto one material and then the metal is pressed to the other metal. Few individual supports are punched out from the metal bonded together, providing support on one side and friction on the other. Thus the brake pad is manufactured and the process is very simple. d) Alternate Material Disc The alternate material that can be used is Carbon Ceramic rotors. Carbon ceramics rotors were into application in high performance cars because it called in for high performance.CC rotors are very heat resistant and much more durable than cast iron brake. Advantages of Ceramic Brakes over Cast iron Carbon Ceramic s rotors have more frictional force which helps in stopping the car quickly. They dissipate heat quickly which helps reduce brake fade which is the loss of friction at high temperature Since the heat buildup is lesser, the wear and tear is also reduced The overall weight of the rotors are reduced which help in reducing the weight of the car especially the unsprung mass which helps in handling. CC rotors can withstand 2.5 times the heat steel can withstand which enables it to work in extreme heat. Ceramics have found their place in most of the high performance cars. Ceramics are still under the development stage. Disadvantages of Ceramic Brakes over Cast Iron CC rotors are limited to open wheel configuration because of the high temperature generated. The major disadvantage is the low coefficient of friction in wet or damp condition. CC rotors phenomenally expensive They cannot be repaired if cracked or damaged The production process is very complicated too. Ceramic Rotors are perfect selection for sports car and high performance cars but they seem to be inefficient for normal passenger cars. There are many researches going on in ceramics as they seem to give the best of all the worlds. The potential for ceramics are immense in automotive industry. They are widely used in aerospace now. The manufacturing process is also being refined which are moderating the cost which enables ceramics in a wider driving spectrum.CC rotors help reduce the weight of the vehicle as it is 4 times lighter than cast iron which increases fuel efficiency and help reduce the unsprung mass of the vehicles which gives better handling.CC rotors are made from a carbon reinforcement impregnated with a carbon matrix which is subjected to long and expensive process. There is new ceramics under development and this field is expanding. Caliper The alternate material used in caliper is aluminum. Aluminum is a very light material and can be cast without much expense. Aluminum is used because it is light weight, stiff and non corrosive. Advantages Light weight material comparing to cast iron which helps reduce the upsprung mass of car It can be manufactured easily and tooling is inexpensive. It can be anodized for better look and protection Stiff material and gives sufficient strength Non corrosive and is not affected by water under most conditions. Disadvantages over cast iron Material not strong enough and have lesser compressive and tensile strength. Aluminum has low damping and doesnt absorb vibrations More expensive than cast iron, more manufacturing process Poor ability to transfer heat, aluminum is a poor thermal insulator. Aluminum is widely used to make calipers in modern cars due to its properties and charactertics. More research is being carried out to make aluminum stiffer and harder. Many new aluminum alloys are being produced and tested. Aluminum calipers are larger in size when compared to cast iron calipers; this is due to the fact that the required stiffness is reached only within a certain size. The pistons used in the caliper vary from steel to titanium. The caliper needs good surfaces finish and should also take high stress and shape. Aluminum delivers all the required design specification and making aluminum the best alternate material to be used in calipers. Pads As the increasing rate of technology, brake pads have improved over the years. Asbestos were replaced by semi metallic and now replaced by ceramic pads. Asbestos pad caused health issues and semi metallic pad were noisy and eroded the rotors. Ceramic brakes have been selected as the alternate material for brake pads. Advantages The major advantage is low dust formed when braking. Improved braking over semi metallic and asbestos Stable and even friction available at all temperature range Extremely quiet performance and provide comfort to the passenger The pad life has also been extended also the rotor life as the pads dont erode the rotors. Disadvantages The only disadvantage till now is the rather expensiveness of the brake pads, but with constant manufacturing up gradation, the prices will come down. Ceramic brake pads are found to be an ultimate product, but research is continuing in the process of making it more efficient and cheaper. The dusts produced by ceramics are minimal and are not noticeable making the disc more cleanly in appearance. The ceramic pads are made up of a carbon-ceramic mostly with carbon fibers within silicon carbide matrix(C/SiC).This gives all the qualities to the brake pads according to the design requirement. e) Manufacturing Route for Alternate material Disc The manufacturing process of a ceramic disc rotor is complex and involves a number of steps. Rotors are expensive because of the expensive manufacturing process. The process starts with the preparation and arrangement of multiple layers of fiber fabric. Forming a material in with all the properties involves complex manufacturing process and the properties depend on the selection and densification process. The fibers are taken and heated to a point where they dont melt or burn. Fiber arrangement range from random chopped mat to woven fabric. Then the fiber material is formed in mould to produce the disc shape and then heated to eliminate non carbon elements. After this a process known as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used. In CVD porous product is heated in vacuum and then hydrocarbon gas is supplied in to diffuse all the cracks. In isothermal CVD, densification occurs at uniform temperature. Once the specific density and porosity is obtained, the disc is taken out and mach ined, drilled and treated with an antioxidant or special paint for protection. The process is a very length one and takes about 30 to 40 days. The manufacturing process increases the cost of the brakes. Research is being done to reduce the process while maintaining the property of the ceramic disc rotors. Caliper The manufacturing process used to make calipers out aluminum is Gravity Die Casting (GDC).This is different from High pressure die casting used for cast iron. This involves pouring the liquid gently into a reusable metal die. In this process the cores make the difference, the cavity formed due to the cores help the movement of liquid through the core. It includes two cores where one is moveable. The liquid is poured into the die and due to gravity it flows to the cavity and fills the gaps. Once it is solid and set, the die is removed and the finished is removed. After that it is machined to give it a surface finish. The main advantage of gravity die casting over sand casting is the production speed. The same die can be used for hundreds of casting. This process also gives a dimensional accuracy and surface finish. This process is widely used in cast aluminum alloy calipers. Pad Ceramic brake pads are manufactured similar to the cast iron brake pads. The ceramic material is cut into the shape and another metal piece is taken and the both are cold pressed into green compact. Sintering is carried out in vacuum where the organic binding agent concentrations get pyrolized and the metal particles bonded by reaction to carbon. Several binding agents are suited for pyrolysis.eg silicon carbide. One side of the pad will have the friction material and the other will have the support. Thus the manufacturing process for brake pad for alternate material uses expensive materials and process making it more expensive than conventional brake pads.

Free Grapes of Wrath Essays: Steinbecks Portrait of Fear :: Grapes Wrath essays

Portrait of Fear in The Grapes of Wrath Steinbeck shows throughout The Grapes of Wrath that mankind is afraid of failure. Although that fear is present in both the desperate migrant workers and the big, ruthless land owners, Steinbeck uses Al Joad's character to his full advantage t model this characteristic of man. Al's personal fear of failure motivates him to do well in life in comparison to his male role models, as well as to help support the family. This is conveyed through Al's sense of responsibility to his family, his careful nature, and his moody and defensive behavior. Al's sense of responsibility to his family is a major element in his determination not to fail. His knowledge and operation of automobiles are Al's major contribution to the family: "He might be a musking goat sometimes, but this was his responsibility, this truck, its running, and its maintenance...And everyone respected him and his responsibility" (Steinbeck, pages 131 and 132). Al not only helps the family succeed in getting to California by taking on this responsibility, he also makes up for other areas of his character in which he feels he is failing or lacking. Such an area of character might be his apathy towards letting his family know his whereabouts when he disappears for days at a time in Oklahoma. Al's careful nature is another obvious sign that he does not want to fail. He feels that precaution is the only way to prevent something from going wrong and ultimately failing. This is visible in his meticulous care of the truck: "Al grew tense over the wheel. A little rattle had developed in the engine. He speeded up and the rattle increased...Al blew his horn and pulled the car to the side of the road" (page 225). Al's care, though obvious only in that of the truck, definitely suggests that should he fail to properly maintain the truck, he would fail himself and his family as well. To offset such an event, Al constantly watches for and prevents any possible problems with the truck. Al's moody and defensive behavior is also a strong example of his resolution not to fail. Although his attitude could be attributed to adolescent arrogance, one who examines Al's character can see that he has more pressure placed upon him than most of the other members of the family.

“A Taste of Honey” by Shelagh Delaney

In writing, â€Å"A Taste of Honey† in the year 1958, what impact did Shelagh Delaney desire to leave on her audience members and what type of technique did she use in connecting them?Shelagh Deleney wrote her plays for the upper and middle classed of people where individuals could find the scenes completely opposite to what they were familiar with and saw everyday in society.Delaney didn’t focus on families being what everyone conceived them as, where the family consisted of the head of the household or the dad, working for the family in order to earn a living and then the mother who stayed at home and cooked and cleaned and tended to the children.We learn at 123HelpMe.com that Shelagh Delaney tells us that, (p.1) â€Å"The stereotypical play was where the men worked and the women stayed at home, cleaning and cooking.†Delaney wanted to offer something entirely different to her audience and she used her vivid imagination to shock her audience members with familie s that were entirely, untraditional.â€Å"A Taste of Honey† (back cover) offers to enlighten us that, â€Å"A Taste of Honey† is â€Å"a sensational theatrical success in London. A Taste of Honey was written by Shelagh Delaney at the age of 18.The play prompted Graham Greene to say that it had â€Å"all the freshness of Mr. Osborne’s Look Back in Anger and a greater maturity.† Delaney’s play was successful because of her originality.Delaney is compared to another great writer and is even paid the compliment that her writing is more mature than that of someone who is more experienced in the writing field and who is much older than Delaney.Delaney’s writing style was mature because she wished to connect with her audience members and to achieve that she found it necessary to write with maturity and on topics that would appeal to those members who viewed her play.In the first act of Delaney‘s play it opens up with two character entering a room, carrying their belongings. (P. 1) Book Rags teaches us that, â€Å"The scene opens in a shabby apartment in Manchester, England, in 1956. Helen and her teenage daughter, Jo, enter loaded with bags. Helen is described as a semi-prostitute, but her men are her only known source of financial support.†Delaney also writes that, â€Å"The Boy is a black sailor who appears briefly, professing love for Jo.He asks her to marry him and gives her a ring. They spend a week together during Christmas, but then he leaves for a six month tour at sea.† The young author is able to demonstrate an extremely adult situation in an era where this type of behavior was not accepted in connecting with her audience and gaining their complete and undivided attention.To connect more closely with her viewers, Delaney used scenes that depicted more mature subject matter, in catching and maintaining their attention of the scenes in the play.Did Delaney’s audience respect her work as she linked with their personalities? We learn in her biography that a fan said, After seeing the first production of Shelagh Delaney’s A Taste of Honey in May 1958, Lindsay Anderson said of the play in Encore: â€Å"To talk as we do about new working-class audiences, about plays that will interpret the common experiences of today-all this is one thing and a good thing too.†It is evident that Delaney cast a spell on her audience while reeling them in and capturing their full attention. They go on further to mention about the play, â€Å"A work of complete, exhilarating originality.† Delaney gained tremendous acceptance with her play and many individuals viewed and thought there was nothing else like the work that Delaney provided.Susan Whitehead offers that, â€Å"But, how much better even, how much more exciting, to find such theatre suddenly here, suddenly sprung up under our feet!†(p. 55-60) Delaney offered an exciting escape from reality in her play where people could gather and take in the scenes that Delaney offered for entertainment in order to grasp the affection of her audience.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Taste of Honey† is full of situations where the author left her audience in a gasp at her incredible imagination and thoughts on what life would be like if it were flip-flopped to something that was completely different than one would ever guess it to be.She is remarkable in her attempt to form situations that impress upons one’s theories and attitudes toward rules in society.

Thermal Power Plants For Electricity Education Essay

Along with other parts of this state economic system, the crude oil industry was privatized and liberalized in the 1990s which resulted in a crisp encouragement in monetary values and investing. Several oil companies are prospecting in or near this state Western Rift Valley where surface oil seeps have occurred. In June 2006 finds at three Fieldss were announced which have combined militias of 100-300 million barrels. This important discovery, but compared to the known militias of Nigeria ( 35 billion barrels ) and Angola ( 5 billion barrels ) . 30 million barrels are deemed ready for extraction is started from 2009/10, which would ensue in an estimated 12,000+ barrels a twenty-four hours. While this is comparable to this state national ingestion, there is non available all the oil-based merchandises that Uganda needs. So, the state is project to export some oil merchandises while go oning to import others. The refinery edifice is provide some national capacity to treat the extracted oil is besides under manner.SolarThis state, In 2002 governmental Energy Policy notes the state ‘s favourable state of affairs sing solar energy: This state is endowed with plentifulness of sunlight giving solar radiation of about 4-5 kWh/m2/day. This type of sunstroke is rather favourable for all solar engineering applications. Solar energy applications in this state include solar photovoltaic ( PV ) , H2O warming, chilling and harvest drying. PV systems are by and large required for applications where nice power demands exist chiefly in countries that are non served by the grid. They provide power for lighting, telecommunications, vaccinum and blood infrigidation, and for playing wireless and telecasting in such countries. This engineering has besides proven to be really successful in supplying energy services to really unaccessible countries such as on islands and cragged countries where the national grid can non be expected to widen its services in the foreseeable hereafter. Government is execution a solar PV pilot undertaking through a funding mechanism that makes it possible for both PV consumers and sellers to obtain recognition from Bankss for solar rural electrification now. The solar H2O application warming is still really limited. In this state Electricity Regulatory Authority reported in 2008 that, â€Å" the Ugandan authorities is advancing solar photo-voltaic systems in places and solar H2O warming in both places and commercial endeavors in order to decrees on the eventide extremum burden demand for grid electricity. A proposed 50MW solar- thermal undertaking is under survey at Namugoga, Wakiso District. † Despite these recent attempts, solar remains a really minor portion of this state existent energy balance.EducationThis state made a big spring progress in instruction in 1997, when the authorities published its Universal Primary Education strategy with the end of doing instruction free for everyone. As 1000s more kids started school, there was existent sense of hope that at last everyone would hold a opportunity to take on in larning in a structured manner. They think that literacy would be available to everyone, but the challenges to a wholly free instruction in this state are many and there are still fees associated with instruction It must be borne by the households. The state of affairs of those who had non had a opportunity to acquire clasp of literacy was even starker. In 1997 they added up to 37 % of this state population, about seven million grownups and kids. Female illiteracy stands at 49 % . It is higher in war affected parts such as Northern Uganda. This is what LABE wor ks to alter – to see a literate environment develop in which everyone participates, to enable people to take charge of their ain acquisition and development.To see parents promoting kids in the instruction. But the narrative of LABE did non get down in 1997. Before now in 1989 a group of people at Makerere University launched a voluntary strategy to advance literacy. In 1995 this had evolved into a registered national non – governmental organisation ( NGO ) working in partnership with national, local and international NGOs, authorities sections and local communities. However, LABE does non run literacy programme or learning literacy categories. It offers a facilitate function, it trains groups and squads of community based pedagogues to get down and pull off categories in the community. LABE develops technic and stuffs for acquisition and instruction. Through a national web of like-minded NGOs, LABE advocates for literacy and seeks to power of authorities policy. In 2002 LABE received international acknowledgment by winning the Noma award, one of the UNESCO International Literacy Prizes, for outstanding work in literacy. The system of instruction in this state has a construction of: 1 ) 7 old ages of primary instruction. 2 ) 6 old ages of secondary instruction ( divided into 4 old ages of lower secondary. 3 ) 2 old ages of upper secondary school ) . 4 ) 3 to 5 old ages of post-secondary instruction. The present system has existed since the early sixtiess.Primary instructionIn 1999 there were 6 million childrens having primary instruction, as compared to merely 2 million in 1986. Numbers received a addition in 1997 when free primary instruction was made available for four kids per household. Merely some of primary school alumnuss go on to take any signifier of secondary instruction. This is dependent upon them go throughing their Primary Leaving Examinations ( PLE ) .Secondary instructionLower secondary consists of 4 old ages of schooling in the terminal of which pupils Ordinary-level tests ( O-level ) in at least 8 topics. Upper secondary consists of 2 old ages of schooling in the terminal of which pupils sit Advanced-level tests ( A-level ) in at least 3 topics. The set of classs for lower secondary is presently being reviewed by the National Curriculum Development Center, and a new set of classs is expected to be rolled out in 2014 or 2015. Three-year proficient schools provide an option to take down secondary school. Options for alumnuss from lower secondary school addes: 1 ) 2-3 twelvemonth Technical institutes ; 2 ) 2 twelvemonth Primary Teacher Colleges ( PTC ) 3 ) Department Training Colleges ( DTCs ) 4 ) Upper secondary schools.Post-secondary instructionAlthough 60,000-70,000 pupils per twelvemonth leave school qualified to travel on to higher instruction, Some of them 35 % ( at most 25,000 ) are able to happen topographic points at the limited figure of establishments. The mass of these go to universities both Public and private. Specifically, Makerere University in Kampala ( MUK ) accepts 95 % of the entire pupil population in this state universities. Rest of all is distributed among the 20 and private universities and a smaller figure of non University establishments. The accepted Universities in this state include:Government UniversitiesMakerere University ( MUK ) Mbarara University of Science & A ; Technology ( MUST ) Kyambogo University ( KYU ) Gulu University ( GU ) Busitema University ( BSU )Religious-Affiliated UniversitiesAll Saints University ( ASU ) Ankole Western University ( AWU ) Bugema University ( BU ) Busoga University ( BGU ) Islamic University in Uganda ( IUIU ) Kumi University ( KUMU ) LivingStone International UniversityLink Ndejje Christian University ( NDU ) Uganda Christian University ( UCU ) Uganda Martyrs University ( UMU ) Uganda Pentecostal University ( UPU )Private Secular UniversitiesFairland University ( FLU ) Kabale University ( KABU ) Kampala University ( KU ) Kampala International University ( KIU ) Lugazi University ( LZU ) Muteesa I Royal University ( MRU ) Mountains of the Moon University ( MMU ) Nkumba University ( NU ) St. Lawrence University ( SLAU ) African Bible University ( ABU ) International Health Sciences University ( IHSU )Public Technical CollegesUganda Technical College – Lira ( UTC Lira ) Uganda Technical College – Ombaci ( UTC Ombaci ) Uganda Technical College – Elgon ( UTC Elgon )Private Technical CollegesCity polytechnic Institute – Kampala ( CPI )Northern UgandaEducation is of import for a successful post-conflict alteration in Northern Uganda ( see Conflict in Northern Uganda ) , as it helps spread out peoples ‘ abilities to interrupt free of circles of aggression and agony. In this state Universal Primary Education ( UPE ) has resulted in high registration rates in Northern Uganda, but instruction tends to be of a low quality and few kids really complete primary school. There are deficient installations ; For e.g. out of 238 primary schools in Pader, 47 are still under trees, limited teacher adjustment is doing high rates of instructor absenteeism and in some countries the mean primary school instructor to student ratio is 1:200. , There is some cogent evidence to propose completion of secondary school is necessary to supply an person with a proper opportunity to get away poorness, as emplo yment and income degrees for those who completed primary schools. And besides for those who did non go to at all. There part has peculiar troubles as instructors are difficult to happen, the struggle shaped a lost coevals without an sufficient instruction themselves and instructors from other countries are still extremely concerned about security in the part. Particular attending to instruction in the part is necessary to guarantee the delicate peace does non acquire worse into full graduated table struggle one time more. This state has a population of about 28 million people. Of that figure, approximately 15 million are under the age of 18. The mean life anticipation is 47 old ages. Lending causes of decease are malaria and HIV/AIDS. One in every 12 kids has been orphaned due to the AIDS epidemic. 6.7 % of the population are populating with the HIV/ AIDS virus. 44 % brand less than $ 1 / twenty-four hours 78 % are peasant husbandmans. 77 % unrecorded on soil floors. 49 % rely in word of oral cavity for their information.School Improvement Plan:Several of us at Educate Uganda have visited schools in the Nkokonjeru country and have seen the creaky school edifices, deficient schoolroom infinite, unhygienic latrines, and the terrible demand for educational stuffs. At Educate in this state they understand that merely paying for the kids to go to school is non sufficient. There are 21 schools which have orphans taking portion in the plan ( see Sponsorship Program ) . They have presently analysing each school to find their specific demands. These demands include the most basic aims as like school edifices, learning stuffs, latrines, desks, blackboards, better H2O beginnings and other things to do these schools a healthy and safe acquisition environment. At now, we are constructing extra schoolrooms and latrines for a jungle school in Nnyermawa called St. Gyaviira. This school presently has two schoolrooms which educate kids through the 4th class. In add-on schoolrooms they will be able to educate pupils through the 7th class. with no the extra schoolrooms, kids have to walk several stat mis through the jungle to go on their surveies at a different school or merely halt their instruction after the 4th class. ( 1 ) Mother Tongue Education undertaking in Northern Uganda ( 2 ) Direction in Mother Tongue-The Language of Opportunity: ( 3 ) Increasing Access to Education Prospects for Children, their Teacher and Parents ( 4 ) In the rural countries, the medium of direction from P1 to P4 will be the relevant local linguistic communications ; and from P5 toP8 English will be the medium of direction. The pertinent country linguistic communication will besides be teach as a topic in primary school. This apply to both rural and urban countries. ( Beginning: Government of this state White paper on Education, 1992 pp. ) The 2000 World Education Forum recognized struggle as an obstructor to the accomplishment of Education For All. Prolonged clang in Northern Uganda has undermined and disrupted instruction through annihilation of substructure, supplanting of school communities, kid abductions, and demoralisation of instructors. This undertaking includes mother tongue instruction as a redress for the current low primary school registration, really short keeping and hapless larning result. in malice of traditional accent in Africa on direction in European linguistic communication, larning in initial old ages in female parent lingua is known to advantage the engagement and public presentation of kids and to hike parental engagement.Broad activitiesaˆ? Train instructors to utilize local linguistic communications successfully in the schoolroom aˆ? Support authors to make educational stuffs in local linguistic communications aˆ? recover kids ‘s literacy and life chances aˆ? power wider pattern and policyPurposes and expected resultsThis undertaking seeks to work with 240 school communities in Northern Uganda to hike meaningful entree to primary instruction for marginalized kids through the development and aid of female parent lingua instruction. This will keep up the authorities to use its adopted female parent lingua policy. It is every bit long as a feasible theoretical account, integrating preparation, resource growing and support which it can so implement and upscale in other countries. This overall program will lend to the realisation of the Millennium Development Goal of Universal Primary Education and gender par in six clang level territories of Northern Uganda. Better instruction will ease poorness through its part to the accretion of human capital, which is necessary for more incomes and uninterrupted economic growing. Undertaking activities duplicate the undermentioned schemes as like developing instructors, broadening the literate env ironment from side to side proviso of local linguistic communication stuffs, hiking parental and household engagement in misss ‘ schooling, intensification local authorities ability to decently supply a quality instruction for marginalized kids. It will be shared easy in print with a big group of people through communicating in original linguistic communications. This will let non-literate hapless people, particularly adult females and misss, to hike watchfulness about the right to educational entree and usage available print information in female parent lingua on their ain. By leting misss and parents, with a focal point on female parents in peculiar, to document their experiences in the female parent lingua. The undertaking will acquire better their entree to instruction and increase consciousness in the wider community of the significance of misss ‘ instruction.Scope of this planThe undertaking covers 6 territories of Gulu, Amuru, Arua, Koboko, Yumbe and Adjumani territory. The undertaking includes 40 UPE schools in each of the territory.Learn to populateThe undertaking aims at bettering parents ‘ literacy accomplishments and ability to take part to the full in the instruction of their kids. It adapts the household larning attack where parents are mobilized to larn jointly with their kids both at school and at place. Mothers are specifically targeted ( in order to turn to the gender spread ) during grownup literacy categories and besides mobilizes them to take part in kids – parent articulation larning Sessionss in schools. The adul t females particularly female parents are provided with local linguistic communication reading stuffs to utilize at place to better joint larning with their kids. Mother Tongue Educational stuffs turn toing different faculties ensuing from the national thematic course of study – specifically turn toing HIV/Aids content and showing misss and male childs positively are produced and used in categories and places to diminish the kid book ratio to a national coveted ratio of 1:6. LABE works with adult females force per unit area groups to asseverate force per unit area on the parents, community and local authorities to ordain bye Torahs to guarantee that kids – particularly girl children- enroll, stay and complete schools. It implements in the two territories of Gulu and Amuru both in northern Uganda.Family Sexuality Education ProjectThe undertaking ‘s overall purpose is to hike kids ‘s educational public presentation, keeping and completion particularly among the misss, during increased parents and instructors active engagement in their sexual generative wellness and rights instruction. The one twelvemonth Oxfam Novib support pilot that was implemented in 4 schools – communities of Yumbe and Koboko territories specifically aimed at ; Bettering the capacity of parents to positively pass on with their kids Sex and Reproductive Health issues Equiping parents with information and accomplishments to recommend for SRHR and rights of kids Bettering the capacity of female and male senior instructors to advocate kids with societal challenges at schoolAwareness On Children ‘s ( Especially Girls ‘ ) Right To Education CampaignIt is a 1 twelvemonth pilot undertaking implemented in 10 schools -communities of Arua territory with fiscal support from KIOS. It is of import end to make consciousness on the kids ‘s right to instruction ; supply the responsibility carriers to carry through their responsibility and the rights holders to demand for their rights. This undertaking works to do certain that 900 parents ( 65 % adult females ) 40 instructors and 10 school communities are cognizant of the aggression committed against Children particularly misss, at school, place and the community. These communities are supported to promote the Children ‘s ( particularly the girl-child ) right to education through the growing of Education regulations, wireless runs, preparations and sensitisations and adult females force group local response to VAC enterprise. The undertaking besides include engages local school policy shapers such as School Management Committees from the point out schools in one Sub County to increase consciousness on the kids ‘s right for the better acquisition environment both at school and at place. The undertaking is work in partnership with increasing Voices – utilizing the VAC stuffs to strongly recommend following to VAC both within and without the school environment Undertaking activities aim is to supplying information to recommend for kids ‘s right to instruction and a good acquisition environment, sensitisation on kids ‘s rights to instruction and a good acquisition environment and duties of instruction responsibility carriers ( caput instructors, School Management Committees, instructors, instruction officers every bit good as parents )Learning For Life ( Labe – Wch – Echo Bravo )It is bettering educational public presentation among kids, retain accomplishments, and facilitate kids and misss to remain put in school. To use these wide ends, LABE partnered with War Child Holland and Echo Bravo to implement three interconnected sub-projects. LABE is implementing family-based instruction programming to retrieve school public presentation and keeping rates by the preparation parent pedagogues and instructors in household larning techniques and pedagogical instruction methods, every bit good as mobilising parents for grownup literacy categories and to keep up kids ‘s educational activities. In this struggle Child offers psychological clasp up to youth, while Echo Bravo has apply catch-up instruction and accomplishments developing classs to back up community members who can non restart formal primary instruction. Learning for Life is being applied in 25 schools indoors five sub-counties of: Bobi, Paicho in Gulu and Koch Goma, Alero, Lamogi in Amuru territories with support from Oxfam NovibCourses, Semesters, & A ; Diplomas:It ‘s takes three old ages to go a unmarried mans degree at any East African university, Makerere University and Mbarara University are no opportunities. Degrees in medical specialty and veterinary scientific discipline take five old ages to finish, and technology demands four old ages to finish. Academic old ages begin October 1 and stop on June 30, or August 30 for four term classs. In the first twelvemonth of survey each pupil must take and go through three topics before being permission to progress to their 2nd twelvemonth of coursework. Lectures, treatments, and research labs are supplemented with tutorials and library surveies, research, and practical preparation. Undergraduate pupils have installations for relaxation, athleticss installations, chaplainships, we llness attention, and chances to take part in student authorities and societal nines. First grades are gettable in Fieldss such as medical specialty, jurisprudence, dental medicine, veterinary scientific discipline, agribusiness, technology, commercialism, statistics, societal work, forestry, doctrine, political scientific discipline, anthropology, sociology, geographics, literature, public disposal, economic sciences, music, dance, play, all right art, natural philosophies, chemical science, biological science, fauna, environmental surveies, mathematics, and computing machine scientific discipline, every bit good as linguistic communications ( English, French, German, Russian, Swahili, Luganda, and Lingala ) . Students can acquire either a grade, such as a unmarried man ‘s grade, maestro ‘s grade, or Ph.D. , or a sheepskin or certification. Certificate classs are including grownup instruction and library scientific discipline. It takes one twelvemonth to finish. Biennial sheepskin classs are supplying in library scientific discipline, music, dance, and play. The Islamic University suggest unmarried man ‘s grades in Islamic surveies, instruction, and medical specialty. Mbarara University of Science and Technology awards grades in development surveies, instruction, medical specialty, and applied scientific discipline. The Institute of Teacher Education at Kyambogo awards sheepskin in instruction to instructors who complete a biennial class. In this state so many institutes are award either certifications or sheepskin depending upon the continuance of coursework.Postgraduate & A ; Professional Training:Most maestro ‘s degree campaigners must run into residence necessit ies, take required classs, and compose a maestro ‘s these is based upon original research. Doctoral degree plans are besides have residence and less coursework demands, every bit good as a paper based upon original research. Students must fulfill their internal reappraisal commissions and external testers that they have mastered their topic. The M.D. and/or Ch.M. grade is awarded after finishing one twelvemonth of survey in front of the unmarried man ‘s of scientific discipline grade, and the doctor's degree of literature ( D. Lit. ) and D.Sc. are awarded after publication of work. For this state fees for tuition, research, and adjustments are free. Foreign pupils are required to pay one-year tuition and fees, and besides pay for research and thesis, every bit good as adjustment costs individuallyFood engineeringOn this favourable juncture, the School of Food Technology, Nutrition & A ; Bioengineering, College of Agricultural & A ; Environmental Sciences, Makerere Univer sity salutations and congratulates King Harald, Queen Sonja, Her Excellency the Ambassador and the whole people of Norway on taging their Constitutional Day. The School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering is conceited to be associated with the Royal Government of Norway and the Norse Universities and growing bureaus. We take this chance to explicate their gratitude to NORAD, NUFU, The Norse University of Life Sciences and the full Norse people for their continued aid and favour in developing our research, preparation and out range capacity. Giving up of the School to national human resource requires that the school has trained over 2000 alumnuss at BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in assorted Fieldss of Food Technology. Human Nutrition and Bioengineering. Their alumnuss continue to do positive parts in the nutrient industry, agricultural mechanisation, agro-processing and public bureaus are employed, some of their successful enterprisers. The School is repackaging their preparation plans through beef uping and betterment of the practical, internship and entrepreneurship constituents to do their alumnuss for the challenges in their turning nutrient sub-sector. The suggest preparation plans In this include: For the Undergraduate: B.Sc. Food Science and Technology B.Sc. Human Nutrition and Dieteticss B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering For the Alumnus: MSc. Applied Human Nutrition, MSc. Food Science and Technology PhD. Program in several countries of Food Science, Human Nutrition & A ; Bioengineering Short classs: The School under their Skills Training Program for Small & A ; Medium Enterprises ( STRAP 4 SMEs ) runs specific short preparation classs in the country of nutrient processing, nutrition and irrigation that are custom made to run into the client ‘s demands. At that type of plan benefits young person enterprisers, future enterprisers, school departers, pupils on holiday, university alumnuss, and extra room workers. The preparation under STRAP 4 SMEs plan is conducted at both the University ‘s chief campus and clients ‘ site in English though local slangs may be second-hand where necessary. This plan has so distant trained over 130 participants in assorted nutrient processing engineerings. With support from Nordic states and Government of this state, the school continues to do growing in the country of research for development. In surplus of 15 nutrient processing engineering bundles have been built-up and are ready for uptake by industry. Research for development activities have besides contributed to capacity edifice for the School through: Staff preparation at PhD and MSc and changeless research Lab and processing substructure growing Constructing partnerships for engineering transportation and growing The capacity of edifice and growing has constant to beef up the School ‘s preparation, research and outreach plans. Government-University-Private Sector Partnership in engineering move & A ; enterprise growing. In 2009 the Government bigger support to the School through commissioning the Food Technology and Business Incubation Center ( FTBIC ) . The centre is a partnership between Government of this state, Makerere University and the private sector aimed at engineering exchange and advancing entrepreneurship in the nutrient sub-sector by supplying right of entry to processing installations and proficient clasp to foster immature enterprisers and endeavors. To this coating, the Government of this state supported the FTBIC with a UShs 4.5 billion grant to spread out the centre into a state-of-the-art capableness to excite and spread out feasible and competitory nutrient processing endeavors in the state. The centre focuses on alumnus young person by agencies of entrepreneurial po tency.InfrastructureUganda has made considerable development on its substructure docket in recent old ages. The early and winning ICT reform detonated a huge enlargement in nomadic coverage and incursion ensuing in a really much competitory market. Power sector restructuring has paved the manner for a rapid doubling of power production capacity. This state is making all right on the H2O and hygiene MDGs, and has made successful usage of public presentation catching to better public-service corporation public presentation. Though, a figure of important challenges remain. in malice of reforms, the power sector continues to shed blood resources due to under-pricing and high distribution losingss, while electrification rates are still really minimal. every bit long as equal resources for route care remains a face, and farther investing is needed to raise rural connectivity and retrieve route safety. In this state substructure challenges will necessitate sustained outgo of around $ 1.4 b illion per twelvemonth over the following decennary, strongly skewed towards capital outgo. In this state already spends about $ 1 billion per twelvemonth on substructure, equal to about 11 per centum of GDP. A farther $ 0.3 billion a twelvemonth is lost to inefficiencies, the mass of which are associated with underbracing and allotment losingss in the power sector. In this state the one-year substructure funding spread is about $ 0.4 billion per twelvemonth, most of which is linked with irrigation and besides H2O and sanitation substructure This state sees infrastructure spend buoying growing * Sets to the side $ 85.52 million to construct 700 MW dike * Aims to pare rising prices to individual figures in 2012/2013 KAMPALA, April 26 ( Reuters ) – This state rate of economic growing is predictable to increase somewhat during the following financial twelvemonth as the state ramps up investings in transit substructure, energy and instruction, the finance ministry said on Thursday.